Trial reportThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2020
Three Doses of Vitamin D and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01631292 (A Pilot Dose Response Study to Vitamin D in Obesity and Weight Loss), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Dose Response Study to Vitamin D in Obesity and Weight Loss: Effect on Bone
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does vitamin D deficiency affect functional outcomes in hip fracture patients? A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamin Supplementation and Dementia: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Cognition in Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.CNS drugs · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of active vitamin D treatment on development of type 2 diabetes: DPVD randomised controlled trial in Japanese population.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Trial
- Effect of vitamin D on cognitive decline: results from two ancillary studies of the VITAL randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Role of Micronutrient Supplementation in Promoting Cognitive Healthy Aging in Latin America: Evidence-Based Consensus Statement.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Roles of Vitamin D: Bridging the Gap Between Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Cognitive Decline.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Roles of osteocalcin in the central nervous system.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Malnutrition in Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Impact of Serum Vitamin D, B6, and B12 and Cognitive Functions on Quality of Life in Peri- and Postmenopausal Polish Women.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- The Potential Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Cognitive Impairment Prevention.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Association of bone turnover markers and cognitive function in Chinese chronic schizophrenia patients with or without vitamin D insufficiency.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Risk factors of mortality and second fracture after elderly hip fracture surgery in Shanghai, China.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022Article
- Association of Dietary Vitamin D Intake, Serum 25(OH)DNutrients · 2021Article
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced mobility after hip fracture surgery: a prospective study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vitamin D may affect cognitive performance, but previous studies are either short term or observational. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on domain-specific cognitive measures in postmenopausal women. Overweight/obese women with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels less than 30 ng/mL were recruited. Vitamin D3 supplementation (600, 2,000, or 4,000 IU/d) was randomly assigned in a double-blinded manner for 1 year. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin (total and undercarboxylated), amyloid beta, parathyroid hormone, and estradiol were analyzed before and after supplementation. Cognitive tests were administered after treatment. The women (58 ± 6 years; body mass index, 30.0 ± 3.5 kg/m2) had a baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 22.6 ± 5.8 ng/mL that increased to 30.2 ± 5.6, 36.0 ± 4.9, and 40.8 ± 7.0 ng/mL in the 600, 2,000, and 4,000 IU/d groups, respectively (p < .001). Participants taking 2,000 IU/d compared to other doses performed better in learning and memory tests (p < .05), yet the 4,000 IU/d group had a slower reaction time compared to the 600 IU/d group. Multiple regression indicated that serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin predicted tasks associated with reaction time and executive function, whereas body mass index and parathyroid hormone negatively predicted reaction time and executive function (p ≤ .01). These data suggest that vitamin D has differential effects on domain-specific cognitive measures and that a higher dose may negatively affect reaction time.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.