ReviewJournal of immunology research2019
Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Jejunal mucosal immune response in goats ten months afterThe veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- AFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microneedle Innovations in Oral Therapeutics: Transforming Protein and Peptide Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Beyond the Needle: Innovative Microneedle-Based Transdermal Vaccination.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Intradermal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 RBD3-Fc mRNA vaccines via a needle-free injection system induces robust immune responses in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Enhanced Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses toVaccines · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity in Mice Immunized with Recombinant Adenoviruses Expressing Varicella-Zoster Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E.Viruses · 2023Article
- Review
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Review
- Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Preclinical evaluation of performance, safety and usability of VAX-ID®, a novel intradermal injection device.Vaccine · 2023Article
- The Bacterial Spore as a Mucosal Vaccine Delivery System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Edible microalgae: potential candidate for developing edible vaccines.Vegetos (Bareilly, India) · 2023Review
- Molecular distribution in intradermal injection for transfer and delivery of therapeutics.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2023Article
- Preclinical immunological evaluation of an intradermal heterologous vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Recent Progress on Vaccines Produced in Transgenic Plants.Vaccines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines toward public health, the implementation of additional vaccine platforms is also of key importance. In fact, currently available vaccines possess shortcomings, such as inefficient triggering of a cell-mediated immune response and the lack of protective mucosal immunity. In this regard, recent work has been focused on vaccine delivery systems, as an alternative to injectable vaccines, to increase antigen stability and improve overall immunogenicity. In particular, novel strategies based on edible or intradermal vaccine formulations have been demonstrated to trigger both a systemic and mucosal immune response. These novel vaccination delivery systems offer several advantages over the injectable preparations including self-administration, reduced cost, stability, and elimination of a cold chain. In this review, the latest findings and accomplishments regarding edible and intradermal vaccines are described in the context of the system used for immunogen expression, their molecular features and capacity to induce a protective systemic and mucosal response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.