ArticleChild and adolescent psychiatry and mental health2019
Pathways to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in Germany: a survey of parents.
Article in Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The early life growth of head circumference, weight, and height in infants with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Attending Five Autism Centres in Arab Countries: Associations with Sociodemographic Factors and Health Literacy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prenatal valproic acid exposure alters striatal proteomic signatures associated with autism spectrum disorder in mice.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The pathway of early detection, diagnosis, and intervention for autistic children: a multi-center mixed method study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Integrated Interventions for Executive Function Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Cognitive Training to Neuroregulation.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Review
- Digital screening of children with ASD: diagnostic accuracy of emotion recognition and visual preference tasks.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Distinct Patterns of Cognitive and Emotional Empathy in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Behavioral and Self-Report Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Targeting the P2X7 receptor signaling pathway: Unlocking therapeutic strategies for autism spectrum disorder.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Experimental Models to Probiotic Application with a Special Focus onNutrients · 2025Review
- The Metabolic Signature of Autism Spectrum Disorders Using Dried Blood Spots at Birth.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Role of Shank3 in Dendritic Morphology and Synaptic Function Across Postnatal Developmental Stages in the Shank3B KO Mouse.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Parental experiences of raising an autistic child in Ireland: A qualitative thematic analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Article
- How Well Can we Diagnose Autism in Adults? Evaluating an Informant-based Interview: The Dutch Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview - Adult Version (3Di-Adult).Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorders in Calabar, Nigeria.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2024Article
- [Recommendations for the Strategic Development of Health Care for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Bavaria].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2023Article
- The Diagnostic Process for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study of Jordanian Parents' Perspectives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Neurodevelopmental Risk Factors, Biological Mechanism, and Precision Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on families living with autism: An online survey.Research in developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- Abilities and Disabilities-Applying Machine Learning to Disentangle the Role of Intelligence in Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Challenges and unmet needs of mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders in Tunisia: a qualitative study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a prerequisite for access to early interventions. Although parents often note developmental atypicalities during the first 2 years of life, many children with ASD are not diagnosed until school age. For parents, the long period between first parental concerns and diagnosis is often frustrating and accompanied by uncertainty and worry.
methodsThis study retrospectively explored the trajectories of children with a confirmed ASD diagnosis during the diagnostic process, from first parental concerns about their child's development until the definite diagnosis. A survey concerning the diagnostic process was distributed to parents or legal guardians of children with ASD from three specialized ASD outpatient clinics in Germany.
resultsThe response rate was 36.9%, and the final sample consisted of carers of 207 affected children (83.6% male, mean age 12.9 years). The children had been diagnosed with childhood autism (55.6%), Asperger syndrome (24.2%), or atypical autism (20.3%). On average, parents had first concerns when their child was 23.4 months old, and an ASD diagnosis was established at a mean age of 78.5 months. Children with atypical autism or Asperger syndrome were diagnosed significantly later (83.9 and 98.1 months, respectively) than children with childhood autism (68.1 months). Children with an IQ < 85 were diagnosed much earlier than those with an IQ ≥ 85. On average, parents visited 3.4 different health professionals (SD = 2.4, range 1-20, median: 3.0) until their child received a definite ASD diagnosis. Overall, 38.5% of carers were satisfied with the diagnostic process.
conclusionsIn this sample of children with ASD in Germany, the time to diagnosis was higher than in the majority of other comparable studies. These results flag the need for improved forms of service provision and delivery for suspected cases of ASD in Germany.
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