ReviewFrontiers in psychiatry2019
Autoimmune Diseases and Psychotic Disorders.
Review in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bipolar disorder in people with multiple sclerosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Autoimmunity in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- PheWAS and cross-disorder analysis reveal genetic architecture, pleiotropic loci and phenotypic correlations across 11 autoimmune disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in severe mental illness and chronic fatigue: a novel trans-diagnostic construct? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Expression and Functionality Study of 9 Toll-Like Receptors in 33 Drug-Naïve Non-Affective First Episode Psychosis Individuals: A 3-Month Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Immune markers mediate genetic relationships between immune diseases and psychiatric disorders.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Associations between lifestyle, genetic liability for severe mental illness and risk of incident somatic illnesses.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Vitiligo as a Potential Overlooked Comorbidity in Schizophrenia: Insights From Two Case Reports.Cureus · 2026Article
- The Danish Region Midt Schizophrenia Cohort - Representative, long-term follow-up of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Perinatal Risk Factors, Allergic Conditions and Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Dissecting the genetic relationship between severe mental disorders and autoimmune diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical advances and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in systemic sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Disorders: Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses Using the iPSYCH Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Examining the genetic links between clusters of immune-mediated diseases and psychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Unveiling genetic and biological links: exploring the intersection of autoimmune and psychiatric disorders.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Association between a history of mental illness and the risk of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide, population-based case-control study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The notion of immunological pathways playing a role in the etiology of a subset of psychotic disorders has received increased interest in the last decades. One of the findings that has spiked interest herein, is an apparent link between autoimmune diseases and psychotic disorders. This is supported by genetic findings associating immune-related genetic markers with schizophrenia and clinical studies finding increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with psychosis. Several large-scale epidemiologic studies have found positive associations between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Particularly, autoimmune diseases as multiple sclerosis and lupus are known to have higher frequencies of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, compared to healthy controls. Cross sectional studies have found higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses among those with autoimmune diseases, and longitudinal studies have shown bidirectional associations between several autoimmune diseases and increased risks associated with schizophrenia. Moreover, a family history of autoimmune diseases has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders and vice versa. In this review we will summarize the epidemiologic evidence on associations between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Possible mechanisms accountable for the association will be discussed, amongst others the probable role of shared genetic risk factors, the impact of infections on both autoimmunity and the development of psychotic disorders, and the potential role of the microbiome. We discuss the findings on and influence of autoantibodies and dysregulation of T- and B-cells in both disease categories, and why further research hereon is needed. In addition to the potential importance of autoimmunity in etiological mechanisms of psychotic disorders, the association also brings important attention to somatic comorbidity in patients with psychotic disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.