Trial reportPloS one2019
Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression by HIV status and timing of HIV diagnosis in Gauteng, South Africa.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidemiology of maternal mental health in Africa: a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Tools for screening maternal mental health conditions in primary care settings in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Global Systematic Review of Common Mental Health Disorders in Adults Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Pooled it
- The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of perinatal depression among HIV-positive women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Perinatal depression among women in pregnancy and postpartum periods in Gaborone, Botswana.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Experienced and anticipated HIV-related stigma and depression among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: the role of internalized HIV stigma.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Utilising clinical associates to address mental health service provision challenges in South Africa: the views of healthcare managers and providers.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Major Factors Contributing to Positive and Negative Childbirth Experiences in Pregnant Women Living with HIV.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mental illness attitudes, service provision interest and further training preferences of clinical associates.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence victimization during pregnancy increases risk of postpartum depression among urban adolescent mothers in South Africa.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Article
- Functioning Problems Associated with Health Conditions with Greatest Disease Burden in South Africa: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Probable perinatal depression and social support among women enrolled in Malawi's Option B+ Program: A longitudinal analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Observational
- Postpartum Mental Health in Rural South Africa: Socioeconomic Stressors and Worsening Mental Health.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
- The pregnancy factor: the prevalence of depression among women living with HIV enrolled in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) by pregnancy status.Archives of women's mental health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated factors among women in Mbarara and Rwampara districts of south-western Uganda.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Time of HIV diagnosis, CD4 count and viral load at antenatal care start and delivery in South Africa.PloS one · 2020Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression at a primary healthcare facility in Eswatini.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health condition that can compromise the quality of life and functional capacity of mothers and cause health and developmental problems in children born to affected mothers.
objectivesWe set out to measure the prevalence of PPD comparing postpartum HIV-1 infected women with pre-pregnancy HIV care experience, newly diagnosed (in latest pregnancy) HIV-1 infected women and HIV negative women, and to identify predictors of major PPD among these women in a peri-urban clinic in South Africa.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1151 adult (≥18 years) postpartum HIV-1 infected (690) and HIV negative (461) women who delivered up to 30 days before study enrolment, interviewed after their first post-natal visit (3-6 days post- delivery) at Midwife Obstetric Units in Gauteng, South Africa. PPD was categorised into no depression (CES-D 10 total score <5), low to medium depression (CES-D 10 total score ≥5 and <10) and major depressive symptoms (CES-D 10 total score≥10). We used ordered logistic regression to identify predictors of postpartum depression and report adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsOverall 288 (25.0%) women screened positive for postpartum depression, a total of 168 (14.6%) women had low to medium PPD and 120 (10.4%) had major PPD. A higher proportion of HIV negative women experienced PPD, 129/461 (28.0%) among HIV negative vs. 159/690 (23.0%) among HIV-1 infected. Among HIV positive women, there was no meaningful difference in PPD between newly HIV diagnosed and those diagnosed before the most recent pregnancy (aOR 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8). Predictors of PPD among HIV positive women were living with friends/in a house-share (aOR 0.5 for house-share vs. own home, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), and attending antenatal care (ANC) for the most recent pregnancy (aOR 0.2 for ANC attendance vs. no ANC attendance, 95% CI: 0.0-0.5). Living with friends/in a house-share was also a predictor of PPD among HIV negative women (aOR 0.4 for house-share vs. own home, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Targeted symptom screening based on identified risk factors should be considered for postpartum women to increase PPD case-finding and referral to specialised social support services.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.