ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2019
Implementing pharmacy-located HPV vaccination: findings from pilot projects in five U.S. states.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacy-based immunization: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Short-term outcomes of health belief model-based brief virtual education on HPV infection and vaccination among pharmacy students: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- The feasibility and acceptability of a pilot randomized controlled trial testing pharmacy-based HPV vaccine completion.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Trial
- Current practices, opportunities to improve, and behavioral targets related to HPV vaccination in community pharmacies: A qualitative study of pharmacy staff and parents.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- An exploratory study to determine the feasibility and processes needed to implement the Immunization Neighborhood to increase HPV vaccination among African American adolescents and adolescents in the general population: A multi-partner perspective.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Implementing School-Associated Vaccination Events in Colorado Public Schools: A Statewide Survey of Nurses.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Perceptions of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study with adolescents, parents, school staff, and pharmacists.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review of HPV vaccination policies in the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Analysis of factors driving HPV vaccination coverage and associated cost savings in the united States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Pharmacists' Role in HPV Vaccine Uptake Among Women: A Scoping Review of Interventions and Barriers.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- Public Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding Pharmacy-Based Immunization in Poland-A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study, 2024.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccine promotion strategies in community pharmacy addressing vulnerable populations: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Parent-reported Barriers and Parental Beliefs Associated with Intentions to Obtain HPV Vaccination for Children in a Primary care Patient Population in Minnesota, USA.Journal of community health · 2023Article
- Facilitating human papillomavirus vaccination pathways by extending vaccination competencies to community pharmacists: A cross-sectional survey on the acceptability and expectations among healthcare professionals and parents.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Medical and public health professionals' perceived facilitators and barriers of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among African American adolescents in Shelby County, Tennessee.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- What We Learnt After Looking Back At the Community Pharmacists' Experiences Worldwide in COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2023Article
- HPV Vaccine Communication Competency Scale for Medical Trainees: Interdisciplinary Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- The interface between U.S. primary care clinics and pharmacies for HPV vaccination delivery: A scoping literature review.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Challenges to Adolescent HPV Vaccination and Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions to Promote Vaccine Uptake During the COVID-19 Pandemic: "HPV Is Probably Not at the Top of Our List".Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pharmacies are promising alternative settings for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination because of their population reach, convenience, and existing infrastructure for vaccine delivery. However, pharmacies in the US are rarely used for adolescent HPV vaccination. We sought to document challenges and opportunities of implementing pharmacy-located HPV vaccination services in five US states by mapping process evaluation results onto key implementation science constructs: service penetration, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, adoption, and sustainability. Pilot projects were planned in North Carolina (k = 2 pharmacies), Michigan (k = 10), Iowa (k = 2), Kentucky (k = 1), and Oregon (no pharmacy recruited) with varying procedures and recruitment strategies. Sites had open enrollment for a combined 12 months. Despite substantial efforts in these states, only 13 HPV vaccine doses were administered to adolescents and three doses to age-eligible young adults. We identified two major reasons for these underperforming results. First, poor outcomes on service penetration and appropriateness pointed to engagement barriers: low parent demand and engagement among pharmacy staff. Second, poor outcomes on feasibility, adoption, and sustainability appeared to result from administrative hurdles: lacking third party reimbursement (i.e., billing commercial payers, participation in Vaccines for Children program) and limited integration into primary care systems. In summary, pilot projects in five states all struggled to administer HPV vaccines. Opportunities for making pharmacies a successful setting for adolescent HPV vaccination include expanding third party reimbursement to cover all vaccines administered by pharmacists, increasing public awareness of pharmacists' immunization training, and improving care coordination with primary care providers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.