ArticleNeuropsychology2019
Do children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have set shifting deficits?
Article in Neuropsychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cognitive Correlates of Risky Decision-Making in Individuals with and without ADHD: A Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Does training working memory or inhibitory control produce far-transfer improvements in set shifting for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled trial.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2023Trial
- Exploring early-stage orienting behavior using an eye tracker for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder classification.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Is hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a functional response to demands on specific executive functions or cognitive demands in general?Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Executive function deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.Nature reviews. Psychology · 2024Article
- Does Anxiety Systematically Bias Estimates of Executive Functioning Deficits in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) improves hot and cold executive functions in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Working memory and inhibitory control deficits in children with ADHD: an experimental evaluation of competing model predictions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Reconceptualizing mind wandering from a switching perspective.Psychological research · 2023Review
- Specific dopaminergic genetic variants influence impulsivity, cognitive deficit, and disease severity of Indian ADHD probands.Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- The associations of insomnia symptoms with daytime behavior and cognitive functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without ADHD.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Article
- Central executive training for ADHD: Effects on academic achievement, productivity, and success in the classroom.Neuropsychology · 2022Article
- Working memory and set-shifting in school-aged children classified as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2022Article
- Sex differences in cognitive flexibility are driven by the estrous cycle and stress-dependent.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Executive functions and writing skills in children with and without ADHD.Neuropsychology · 2021Article
- Acute intranasal dopamine application counteracts the reversal learning deficit of spontaneously hypertensive rats in an attentional set-shifting task.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Slow drift rate predicts ADHD symptomology over and above executive dysfunction.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2021Article
- Distinct Patterns of Impaired Cognitive Control Among Boys and Girls with ADHD Across Development.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Article
- Executive Functions in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Comorbidity Overlaps Between Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disorders.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveSet shifting, or cognitive flexibility, is a core executive function involving the ability to quickly and efficiently shift back and forth between mental sets. Meta-analysis suggests medium-magnitude shifting impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, this conclusion may be premature because the evidence-base relies exclusively on tasks that have been criticized for poor construct validity and may better reflect general neuropsychological functioning rather than shifting specifically.
methodA well-characterized sample of 77 children ages 8-13 (M = 10.46, SD = 1.54; 32 girls; 66% Caucasian/non-Hispanic) with ADHD (n = 43) and without ADHD (n = 34) completed the criterion global-local set shifting task and 2 counterbalanced control tasks that were identical in all aspects except the key processes.
resultsThe experimental manipulation was successful at evoking set shifting demands during the global-local versus both nonshift control tasks (p < .001; ω2 = .12-.14). Mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that the ADHD group did not demonstrate disproportional decrements in speed shift costs on the shifting versus nonshift control tasks (p = .30; ω2 = .002), suggesting no evidence of impaired set shifting abilities in ADHD. In contrast, the ADHD group made disproportionately more shifting errors than the non-ADHD group (p = .03; ω2 = 0.03) that were more parsimoniously attributable to prerequisite (nonshifting) processes necessary for successful performance on the global-local task.
conclusionsChildren with ADHD's impaired performance on shifting tasks may be attributable to difficulties maintaining competing rule sets and/or inhibiting currently active rule sets prior to shifting. However, when these higher-order processes are executed successfully, there is no significant evidence to suggest a unique set shifting deficit in ADHD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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