ArticleTurkish journal of orthodontics2019
Assessment of Pain, Anxiety, and Cortisol Levels During the Initial Aligning Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.
Article in Turkish journal of orthodontics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Evaluation of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol levels in patients undergoing orthodontic mini-implant treatment: a short-term prospective comparative study.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Salivary Cortisol, Alpha Amylase, and Measures of Psychological Distress in Children Undergoing Dental Procedures.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pain Perception and Dietary Impact in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances vs. Clear Aligners: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Salivary Markers as Potential Stress Descriptors for Pediatric Dental Patients: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Experimental orthodontic pain drives anxiety state through the induction of alterations to the neuronal architecture in hippocampus.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- A longitudinal pilot study examining the influence of the orthodontic system chosen in adult patients (brackets versus aligners) on oral health-related quality of life and anxiety.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- A pilot study analyzing the influence of the material and the size of the orthodontic archwire on the level of pain and anxiety in adult patients in treatment with brackets: A prospective triple-blind randomized clinical trial.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Orthodontic pain is related to oral health-related quality of life in orthodontic patients.Journal of orthodontic science · 2024Article
- Influence of Different Orthodontic Brackets on Cytokine and Cortisol Profile.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Assessment of masticatory efficiency based on glucose concentration in orthodontic patients: A methodological study.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Assessment of salivary stress and pain biomarkers and their relation to self-reported pain intensity during orthodontic tooth movement: a longitudinal and prospective study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2022Article
- Article
- Mechanical Vibration and Chewing Gum Methods in Orthodontic Pain Relief.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2022Article
- Anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between digestive tract conditions and oral health-related quality of life in orthodontic patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The relationship between salivary alpha-amylase, nitric oxide, pain and anxiety-induced stress in patients during dental treatment.Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe assessed pain and anxiety using psychological testing instruments (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, visual analog scale) and a physiological testing instrument (salivary cortisol hormone level) after the insertion of orthodontic appliances and during the initial alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.
methodsThe study group involved two groups matched according to age and gender. Group 1 used 0.016-, 0.016×0.016-, and 0.16×0.22-inch and Group 2 used 0.014-, 0.016-, and 0.016×0.016-inch superelastic nickel-titanium archwires in the initial alignment phase of treatment. Pain and anxiety instruments were applied, and saliva samples were collected from the patients before and after molar band insertions, and bracket and initial archwire placement, and 7 days after the initial bonding and archwire replacements.
resultsCortisol levels and state anxiety scores revealed statistically significant differences within groups (p<0.01, p<0.05). No significant differences were found between Group 1 and Group 2 in cortisol hormone levels, anxiety scores, or pain measurements (p>0.05). Although not statistically significant, the most severe pain was measured in the posterior teeth after band insertion and in the anterior teeth after the first archwire insertion (p>0.05).
conclusionOrthodontic appliances and the initial alignment phase of orthodontic treatment affect patients' anxiety and cortisol hormone levels. Both archwires were equally effective with regard to perceived pain, anxiety, and stress hormone levels.
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