Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30944735›Full record

ArticleJournal of obesity2019

The Association of Having a Late Dinner or Bedtime Snack and Skipping Breakfast with Overweight in Japanese Women.

Chika Okada, Hironori Imano, Isao Muraki, Keiko Yamada, Hiroyasu Iso

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of obesity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  13. Protein Intake and Its Association With Meal Patterns and Dietary Patterns in a Swedish Population of Older Adults.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chika OkadaDepartment of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1648-0347
Hironori ImanoPublic Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Isao MurakiPublic Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Keiko YamadaPublic Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Hiroyasu IsoPublic Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9241-7289

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: We aimed to assess the association of habitually eating in the late evening and skipping breakfast with the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Methods: A total of 19,687 Japanese women, aged 40-74 years, were asked about their height, weight, and habitual eating behaviors such as having a late dinner and a bedtime snack and skipping breakfast, using a self-administered questionnaire. We defined overweight/obesity as body mass index greater than or equal to 25 kg/m Results: Among the participants, 11% regularly had a late dinner, 22% had bedtime snacks, and 8% skipped breakfast. After adjusting for age, exercise, smoking, sleep duration, and employment, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of skipping breakfast were 2.47 (2.18-2.81) for having a late dinner and 1.71 (1.53-1.91) for having a bedtime snack. These eating behaviors were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity: the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of obesity/overweight were 1.43 (1.27-1.62) for having a late dinner, 1.47 (1.34-1.62) for having a bedtime snack, and 1.23 (1.06-1.42) for skipping breakfast. Conclusions: Japanese women who consumed late dinners or bedtime snacks were more likely to skip breakfast. Having a late dinner or bedtime snack was associated with a higher probability of overweight/obesity.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorSnacksAdultAgedBody Mass IndexBreakfastEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismFemaleHealth SurveysHumansJapanMiddle AgedOverweightPrevalenceTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID30944735
PMCPMC6421799

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.