ArticleJCI insight2019
Altered X-chromosome inactivation in T cells may promote sex-biased autoimmune diseases.
Article in JCI insight, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation of T cells: implications for autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Disease modification in lupus nephritis: towards a pathophysiology-based treatment paradigm.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Machine learning reveals X chromosome transcriptional signatures that classify systemic lupus erythematosus in females.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in response to longevity interventions.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Evidence Linking Depression to MASLD Risk via Inflammatory Immune Signaling.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- TLR7 and TLR9 have overlapping but distinct roles in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: an Integrative Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Escape From X Chromosome Inactivation as a Driver of Plasmacytoid DC Heterogeneity in Health and Disease.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of sex differences in acute and long COVID sequelae in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- X-linked transcriptome dysregulation across immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Sex differences in pulmonary (arterial) hypertension: does it matter?Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Inactive X Chromosome: A Genetic Driver of Female-Biased Rheumatic Autoimmune Disorders?European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (Non-coding RNA · 2025Article
- Meningeal regulatory T cells inhibit nociception in female mice.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- More X's, more problems: how contributions from the X chromosomes enhance female predisposition for autoimmunity.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- B cell stimulation changes the structure and higher-order organization of the inactive X chromosome.Cell reports · 2025Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women and is driven by autoreactive T cell-mediated inflammation. It is known that individuals with multiple X-chromosomes are at increased risk for developing SLE; however, the mechanisms underlying this genetic basis are unclear. Here, we use single cell imaging to determine the epigenetic features of the inactive X (Xi) in developing thymocytes, mature T cell subsets, and T cells from SLE patients and mice. We show that Xist RNA and heterochromatin modifications transiently reappear at the Xi and are missing in mature single positive T cells. Activation of mature T cells restores Xist RNA and heterochromatin marks simultaneously back to the Xi. Notably, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) maintenance is altered in T cells of SLE patients and late-stage-disease NZB/W F1 female mice, and we show that X-linked genes are abnormally upregulated in SLE patient T cells. SLE T cells also have altered expression of XIST RNA interactome genes, accounting for perturbations of Xi epigenetic features. Thus, abnormal XCI maintenance is a feature of SLE disease, and we propose that Xist RNA localization at the Xi could be an important factor for maintaining dosage compensation of X-linked genes in T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.