Trial reportJCI insight2019
Disruption of latent HIV in vivo during the clearance of actinic keratosis by ingenol mebutate.
Trial report in JCI insight, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breaking into HIV-1's Epigenetic Vault: Cure Strategies to Eliminate the Viral Reservoir.Viruses · 2026Review
- World free HIV: the novel therapeutic approaches for eliminating latent HIV infection.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Protein Kinase C Family: Structures, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Pharmaceutical Interventions.MedComm · 2025Review
- Article
- Latency Reversing Agents and the Road to an HIV CurePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Medicinal Plant and Traditional Knowledge-guided Strategies to Combat HIV Persistence.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Proteomic analysis of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism disease striatal neurons reveals altered RNA metabolism and splicing.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure.Viruses · 2023Review
- Brain microglia serve as a persistent HIV reservoir despite durable antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Article
- Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Crotonylation sensitizes IAPi-induced disruption of latent HIV by enhancing p100 cleavage into p52.iScience · 2022Article
- So Pathogenic or So What?-A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research.Viruses · 2022Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Latency ReversalFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Bioactive Compounds fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- NF-κB sub-pathways and HIV cure: A revisit.EBioMedicine · 2021Review
- Mechanistic differences underlying HIV latency in the gut and blood contribute to differential responses to latency-reversing agents.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Review
- HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?Viruses · 2019Review
- Seeing Is Believing: Nuclear Imaging of HIV Persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous skin lesion that is common in HIV-positive patients. Without effective treatment, AKs can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Ingenol mebutate, a PKC agonist, is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved (FDA-approved) topical treatment for AKs. It can induce reactivation of latent HIV transcription in CD4+ T cells both in vitro and ex vivo. Although PKC agonists are known to be potent inducers of HIV expression from latency, their effects in vivo are not known because of the concerns of toxicity. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of topical ingenol mebutate gel on the HIV transcription profile in HIV-infected individuals with AKs, specifically in the setting of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We found that AKs cleared following topical application of ingenol mebutate and detected marginal changes in immune activation in the peripheral blood and in skin biopsies. An overall increase in the level of HIV transcription initiation, elongation, and complete transcription was detected only in skin biopsies after the treatment. Our data demonstrate that application of ingenol mebutate to AKs in ART-suppressed HIV-positive patients can effectively cure AKs as well as disrupt HIV latency in the skin tissue microenvironment in vivo without causing massive immune activation.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.