Trial reportBMC public health2019
The effect of introducing a free breakfast club on eating habits among students at vocational schools.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effect of the multicomponent healthy high school intervention on meal frequency and eating habits among high school students in Denmark: a cluster randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Effects of a Rice-Based Diet in Korean Adolescents Who Habitually Skip Breakfast: A Randomized, Parallel Group Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- A Regional Scoping Review of School-Based Nutrition Interventions Conducted Across Nordic Countries.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Breakfast Skipping Among Dormitory- and Home-Residing High School Students: Insights from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2018-2024.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Food provision and healthy eating environments in before school care: an observational study.Public health nutrition · 2025Observational
- Breakfast consumption and associated factors and barriers among school-aged children.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Satisfaction with Food: Profiles of Two-Parent Families with Adolescent Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Hydration and meal habits of physicians and medical learners: a literature review.European journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- Rice-based breakfast improves fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast, but breakfast skipping increases aromatic amino acids associated with diabetes prediction in Korean adolescents who skip breakfast: a randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Article
- Breakfast skipping and its relationship with academic performance in Ethiopian school-aged children, 2019.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Consumed by the Low-Income Population in Brazil: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.Nutrients · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnhealthy eating habits are a major problem among adolescents. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of a free breakfast club intervention on dietary habits among students at vocational schools.
methodsThe study included students (n = 318) from four vocational schools in Denmark. Food frequency questionnaires were used to measure eating habits at baseline, first, and second follow-up, after 7 and 14 weeks respectively, in a clustered randomized controlled intervention of four months. The effect of the intervention was evaluated through self-reported frequencies of breakfast intake, intake of whole grain products for breakfast and intake of unhealthy snacking in the morning. The outcome measures were daily breakfast intake (yes/no), daily intake of whole grain for breakfast (yes/no), and unhealthy snacking on school day mornings (yes/no).
resultsThe proportion of students who had breakfast every school day increased significantly in the intervention schools from baseline to the first follow-up compared to the control group (OR: 3.77; P = 0.0149). The effect was attenuated at the second follow-up. The intake of whole grain products for breakfast increased significantly more among students in intervention schools compared to students in control schools both at first (OR: 4.13; P = 0.0079) and second follow-up (OR: 3.27; P = 0.0317). No significant change in unhealthy snacking was found.
conclusionProvision of free breakfast at vocational schools can improve the dietary quality of breakfast and decrease breakfast skipping. However, the sustainability of the intervention is a critical issue that needs to be further studied and addressed.
trial registrationISRCTN11265280 . Registered 20 November 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.