ArticleBMC psychiatry2019
The cytokine profile of women with severe anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Auriculotherapy for anxiety, quality of life and fear of COVID-19 in pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2025Trial
- The immune phenotype of perinatal anxiety in an anxiety-focused behavioral intervention program in Pakistan.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Trial
- The relationship between disgust sensitivity and serum cytokine levels in non-pregnant women: a generalization of previous results on pregnant population.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Postnatal distress, neonatal cerebellar myelination and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal Origins of Stress Regulation: Maternal Psychological Distress and Inflammation During Pregnancy Prospectively Predict Infant Behavioral Reactivity and Regulation.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Emotional State and Salivary Inflammatory Markers in Endometriosis Associated Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study Comparing Chronic and Cyclic Patterns.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Nonlinear associations of plasma IL-9 with depression and anxiety symptoms in first-episode, drug-naïve major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Examining the association between prenatal inflammation and postpartum depression in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort in New York City.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- The association between sleep duration and mental health among pregnant women in rural northwest China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association of depressive and/or pregnancy-related anxiety symptoms in pregnancy with maternal and neonatal biologic aging.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Alterations in Adipokine Levels Are Associated with Human Perinatal Anxiety and Depression.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of reproductive psychiatric disorders.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Review
- Inverted day-night feeding during pregnancy affects the brain health of both maternal and fetal brains through increasing inflammation levels associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in rats.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Negative impact of maternal depressive symptoms on infancy neurodevelopment: a moderated mediation effect of maternal inflammation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Blood transcriptomic signatures associated with depression, or the risk for depression, in pregnant women from the Psychiatry Research And Motherhood - Depression (PRAM-D) study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prenatal inflammation and trauma symptoms in Latina mothers: The role of discrimination and growing up in an ethnic minoritized context.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Association between maternal anxiety/depression in pregnancy and the development of offspring eczema/AD: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Maternal Microbiome as a Map to Understanding the Impact of Prenatal Stress on Offspring Psychiatric Health.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Prenatal mood and anxiety disorders and associated cytokine changes.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Cytokine profile in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with or without anxiety.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundControversial findings regarding the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression have been reported in pregnant subjects. Scarce data about anxiety and its relationships with cytokines are available in pregnant women. To understand the association between anxiety and cytokines during pregnancy, we conducted the present study in women with or without depression.
methodsWomen exhibiting severe depression (SD) and severe anxiety (SA) during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (n = 139) and control subjects exhibiting neither depression nor anxiety (n = 40) were assessed through the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Serum cytokines were measured by a multiplex bead-based assay. Correlation tests were used to analyze the data and comparisons between groups were performed. A general linear model of analysis of variance was constructed using the group as a dependent variable, interleukin concentrations as independent variables, and HDRS/HARS scores and gestational weeks as covariables.
resultsThe highest levels of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ), Th17- (IL-17A, IL-22), and Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) related cytokines were observed in women with SD + SA. The SA group showed higher concentrations of Th1- (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2- (IL-4, and IL-10) related cytokines than the controls. Positive correlations were found between HDRS and IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SA group (p < 0.03), and between HDRS and Th1- (IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α), Th2- (IL-9, IL-10, IL-13) and Th17- (IL-17A) cytokines (p < 0.05) in the SD + SA group. After controlling the correlation analysis by gestational weeks, the correlations that remained significant were: HDRS and IL-2, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-17A in the SD + SA group (p < 0.03). HARS scores correlated with IL-17A in the SA group and with IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-2 in the SD + SA group (p < 0.02). The linear model of analysis of variance showed that HDRS and HARS scores influenced cytokine concentrations; only IL-6 and TNF-α could be explained by the group.
conclusionsWe found that the cytokine profiles differ when comparing pregnant subjects exhibiting SA with comorbid SD against those showing only SA without depression.
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