ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2019
Choroidal Structural Changes in Smokers Measured Using Choroidal Vascularity Index.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Choroidal Vascularity Index in Schizophrenia Compared to Healthy Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Long-Term Effects of Smoking on Retinal and Choriocapillaris Perfusion: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.Journal of vitreoretinal diseases · 2025Article
- Effects of cigarette smoking on retinal thickness and choroidal vascularity index: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Review
- Ocular effects of synthetic cannabinoids: a case-control study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Choroidal vascularity index in health and systemic diseases: a systematic review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
- Modeling complex age-related eye disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2024Review
- Impact of Brightness on Choroidal Vascularity Index.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Subretinal drusenoid deposits as a biomarker of age-related macular degeneration progression via reduction of the choroidal vascularity index.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Choroidal hemodynamics in central serous chorioretinopathy after half-dose photodynamic therapy and the effects of smoking.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of smoking on the retina of patients with dry age-related macular degeneration by optical coherence tomography angiography.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Smokers' Choroidal Changes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Author Response: Smokers' Choroidal Changes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Choroidal vascularity index in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Changes in Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) in Intermediate Uveitis.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Prevalence of and factors associated with dilated choroidal vessels beneath the retinal pigment epithelium among the Japanese.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effects of age and binarising area on choroidal vascularity index in healthy eyes: an optical coherence tomography study.International ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Correlation between choroidal structure and smoking in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy.PloS one · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Choroid in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Choroidal Vascularity Index: An In-Depth Analysis of This Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Parameter.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
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6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for vascular dysfunction. This study evaluated choroidal structural changes in smokers using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) derived from image binarization on spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 39 smokers and 44 non-smokers. Choroidal images on EDI-OCT were binarized into luminal area (LA) and stromal area (LA). CVI was calculated as the ratio of LA to total choroid area (TCA). CVI, foveal retinal thickness (FRT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) between smokers and non-smokers were compared using likelihood ratio test with linear mixed model. Trend and subgroup analysis were performed to investigate the dose-dependent relationship between CVI/FRT/SFCT and pack-years. Results: CVI in smokers (65 ± 2%) was lower compared to non-smokers (67 ± 2%, P = 0.0001). The difference remained significant after adjusting for age (P = 0.001). There was no significant association between cigarette smoking and FRT/SFCT. CVI decreased by 0.12% with each unit increase in smoking measured by pack-year (P = 0.0009). In subgroup analysis, those who smoked 8 to 12 and >12 pack-years had significantly lower CVI compared to non-smokers (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with decreased choroidal vascularity in healthy subjects, and this association appears to be dose dependent. CVI might be a non-invasive marker of vascular health in smokers.
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