ArticleEinstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2019
Development of a Brazilian anticholinergic activity drug scale.
Article in Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06187792 (Constructing a Model of Pupillary Parameters in Predicting Delirium Among Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Unit), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Constructing a Model of Pupillary Parameters in Predicting Delirium Among Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Unit
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Anticholinergic Medication Burden Scales: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Pooled it
- Development of the Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale: English translation of the Japanese article.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2025Pooled it
- The Prognostic Utility of Anticholinergic Burden Scales: An Integrative Review and Gap Analysis.Drugs & aging · 2023Pooled it
- Development of the Swedish anticholinergic burden scale (Swe-ABS).BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Quantifying Anticholinergic Burden and Sedative Load in Older Adults with Polypharmacy: A Systematic Review of Risk Scales and Models.Drugs & aging · 2021Pooled it
- Unveiling the Limits of Anticholinergic Burden Scales: A Study of Adverse Drug Reactions in the French Pharmacovigilance Database.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Reducing Anticholinergic Burden in Hospitalised Older Adults: Analysis From the INFAR Study.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Anticholinergic burden and polypharmacy in patients referred from primary care to tertiary dementia centers in Brazil.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- Drugs with a negative impact on cognitive functions (Part 2): drug classes to consider while prescribing in CKD patients.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Anticholinergic burden in middle and older age is associated with lower cognitive function, but not with brain atrophy.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Health-related quality of life and use of medication with anticholinergic activity in patients with multiple myeloma.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Article
- A Universal Pharmacological-Based List of Drugs with Anticholinergic Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the association of anticholinergic burden and delirium in older hospitalised patients - A cohort study comparing 19 anticholinergic burden scales.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Clinical Utility of Medication-Based Risk Scores to Reduce Polypharmacy and Potentially Avoidable Healthcare Utilization.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Hospitalizations of older people in an emergency department related to potential medication-induced hyperactive delirium: a cross-sectional study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Article
- CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale: An Updated Anticholinergic Burden Scale. Comparison with the ACB Scale in Spanish Individuals with Subjective Memory Complaints.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- High anticholinergic burden at admission associated with in-hospital mortality in older patients: A comparison of 19 different anticholinergic burden scales.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Article
- DOTA: Deep Learning Optimal Transport Approach to Advance Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Risk of Pneumonia is associated with Antipsychotic Drug Use among older patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Case-control Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo develop a scale of anticholinergic activity drugs used in Brazil, to be applied in health care and pharmacoepidemiology research.
methodsWe performed a literature review on PubMed/MEDLINE® to identify previously published scales of anticholinergic drugs. This scale started with anticholinergic drugs, and those with known anticholinergic activity as per the 4th level, chemical-therapeutic subgroup, of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. We also included drugs with high anticholinergic activity, as described in a list of potentially inappropriate medications for use in older adults, according to the 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Drugs listed in at least two anticholinergic scales were added. Then we verified which drugs in the previous steps were marketed in Brazil. We assigned a score of 1, 2 and 3, based on their anticholinergic action.
resultsA total of 273 anticholinergic drugs were identified, of which 125 were included in the scale. We identified 45 (36.0%) drugs with a score of 3, 13 (10.4%) with a score of 2, and 67 (53.6%) with a score of 1. Drugs for the nervous and respiratory systems were the most frequent in the scale. Eight drugs were not present in previous scales.
conclusionThe methodology used for development of the Brazilian anticholinergic activity scale is simple, systematized, reproducible and easy to update. The scale allows evaluating the impact of anticholinergic burden on health outcomes, and can potentially contribute to pharmacoepidemiology research, leading to more accurate measurements of anticholinergic activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.