ArticleClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2021
Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results.
Article in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07482930 (Acute Effects Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Spirometric Parameters in Healthy Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acute Effects Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Spirometric Parameters in Healthy Individuals: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load.Psychophysiology · 2025Trial
- Improving Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, and Cognitive Function in Patients with Dementia by Therapeutic Exercise and NESA Neuromodulation: A Multicenter Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Importance of cardiac-synchronized vagus nerve stimulation parameters on the provoked chronotropic response for different levels of cardiac innervation.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Hemodynamic responses to low-level transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation in young volunteers.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Potential Therapy in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Transdermal auricular vagus stimulation for the treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2021Article
- Closed-Loop Transcutaneous Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Current Situation and Future Possibilities.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neck Chamber Technique Revisited: Low-Noise Device Delivering Negative and Positive Pressure and Enabling Concomitant Carotid Artery Imaging With Ultrasonography.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020).Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Review
- High-resolution computational modeling of the current flow in the outer ear during transcutaneous auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS).Brain stimulationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been considered for the treatment of sympathetically mediated disorders. However, the optimal mode of stimulation is unknown. This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular effects of respiratory-gated taVNS in healthy subjects.
methodsThe examination included expiratory-gated, inspiratory-gated, and non-respiratory-gated taVNS trials. Subjects were examined twice (the order of expiratory- and inspiratory-gated taVNS was changed). taVNS trials started with controlled breathing without stimulation (pre-stimulatory recording) followed by controlled breathing with taVNS (stimulatory recording). Synchronizing taVNS with the respiratory phase was computer-controlled. Heart rate (HR) was calculated from ECG. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded continuously and noninvasively. Baroreflex sensitivity based on rising (BRS-UP) or falling SBP sequences (BRS-DOWN) or all sequences (BRS-ALL) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed.
resultsSeventy-two taVNS trials were obtained from 12 subjects (age 23 ± 3 years). Pre-stimulatory HR correlated with change in HR (r = - 0.25) and SVR (r = 0.24, both p < 0.05). There were no differences between three stimulatory conditions in (1) the changes of hemodynamic parameters, (2) BRS-UP and BRS-ALL, or (3) HRV indices (all p > 0.20). However, in the group of high pre-stimulatory HR trials, HR change differed between inspiratory-gated (0.11 ± 0.53%) and both expiratory-gated (- 1.30 ± 0.58%, p = 0.06) and non-respiratory-gated taVNS (- 1.69 ± 0.65, p = 0.02). BRS-DOWN was higher in inspiratory- vs. non-respiratory-gated taVNS (15.4 ± 1.3 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03).
conclusionsExpiratory-gated and non-respiratory-gated taVNS exert clear cardioinhibitory effects in healthy subjects with high pre-stimulatory HR, whereas inspiratory-gated taVNS does not affect HR. Cardiac and vascular effects of taVNS depend on pre-stimulatory HR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.