ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2019
The Toxicity and Metabolism Properties of
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The zebrafish model: a versatile platform for uncovering the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in liver diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Icariin: from preclinical promise to clinical reality-a critical evidence-based assessment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The therapeutic potential of epimedium and its bioactive flavonoids in hepatitis and cirrhosis: an integrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- The therapeutic potential of icariin in the intervention of bone and joint diseases through multiple pathways: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Evaluation on the Potential for Hepatotoxic Components from Herba Epimedii to Induce Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells and the Analysis of the Influence of Metabolism in Liver Microsomes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Baohuoside I inhibits FXR signaling pathway to interfere with bile acid homeostasis via targeting ER α degradation.Cell biology and toxicology · 2023Article
- Immunostimulatory activity and structure-activity relationship of epimedin B fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Baohuoside I Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis in Multiple MyelomaFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Icariside I specifically facilitates ATP or nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2021Article
- Icariside Ⅱ, a main compound in Epimedii Folium, induces idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2020Article
- Use of Zebrafish in Drug Discovery Toxicology.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Review
- Flavonoids fromPeerJ · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zebrafish is being increasingly used for metabolism and toxicity assessment. The drugs consumed in zebrafish metabolism studies are far less than those used in rat studies. In our study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to icariin, Baohuoside I (BI), Epimedin A (EA), Epimedin B (EB), Epimedin C (EC), Sagittatoside A (SA), Sagittatoside B (SB), and 2''-O-rhamnosylicariside II (SC), respectively, to examine the toxicity and metabolic profiles of these flavonoids. The order of toxicity was SC, SB > EC, SA > BI, icariin, EA, EB. After 24 h exposure to SB and SC, the mortality of zebrafish larvae reached 100% and yolk sac swollen was obvious. Both SC and SB caused severe hepatocellular vacuolization and liver cells degeneration in adult zebrafish after 15 consecutive days' treatment. The metabolic profiles of these flavonoids with trace amount were also monitored in larvae. BI was the common metabolite shared by icariin, EA, EB, SA, and SB, via deglycosylation. Both BI and SC remained as the prototype in the medium, suggesting that it is hard for BI and SC to cleave the rhamnose residue. EC was metabolized into SC and BI in zebrafish, inferring that SC might be responsible for the toxicity observed in EC group. The metabolites of icariin, EA, EB, EC, and BI in zebrafish larvae coincided with results from rats and intestinal flora. These data support the use of this system as a surrogate in predicting metabolites and hepatotoxicity risk, especially for TCM compound with trace amount.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.