ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Established and Emerging Targets and Strategies to Improve Outcomes in Melanoma.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05119829 (Melanoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Melanoma: Genomic Profiles, Molecular Markers and Therapeutic Implications
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Survival and Immune-Related Adverse Events With Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Inhibitors, Alone or Their Combination for the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 13 Clinical Trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Triple Combination Therapy With PD-1/PD-L1, BRAF, and MEK Inhibitor for Stage III-IV Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Immunostimulatory and Immunodynamic Modeling Analysis to Determine a Plausible Starting Dose of mRNA-4359 for Use in First-In-Human Trials.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Beyond target lesions: Prognostic value of longitudinal AI-derived whole-body [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Spatial architecture of the melanoma immune niche reveals CORO1A as a functional hub for T cell cytotoxicity and immunotherapy synergy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell and deep learning identify hypoxia-responsive lncRNAs predicting outcomes in colorectal cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint molecules beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4: emerging targets in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Review
- VISTA: bridging gaps in cancer immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology in Cutaneous Oncology: The Role of Liposomes in Targeted Melanoma Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Cytological Assessment of Adrenal Tumours: Insights From 22-Years Single Centre Experience.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
- Variation in Immune and Inflammatory Blood Markers in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors: A Preliminary Exploratory Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- A Bayesian Hierarchical Mixture Cure Modelling Framework to Utilize Multiple Survival Datasets for Long-Term Survivorship Estimates: A Case Study From Previously Untreated Metastatic Melanoma.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for resectable lung cancer.Cancer · 2025Review
- FAK inhibition combined with the RAF-MEK clamp avutometinib overcomes resistance to targeted and immune therapies in BRAF V600E melanoma.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune Resistance in Glioblastoma: Understanding the Barriers to ICI and CAR-T Cell Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system employs several checkpoint pathways to regulate responses, maintain homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Tumor cells can hijack these protective mechanisms to enable immune escape, cancer survival and proliferation. Blocking antibodies, designed to interfere with checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 and counteract these immune suppressive mechanisms, have shown significant success in promoting immune responses against cancer and can result in tumor regression in many patients. While inhibitors to CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are well-established for the clinical management of melanoma, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to these interventions. Concerted efforts have focused on combinations of approved therapies aiming to further augment positive outcomes and survival. While CTLA-4 and PD-1 are the most-extensively researched targets, results from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials indicate that novel agents, specific for checkpoints such as A2AR, LAG-3, IDO and others, may further contribute to the improvement of patient outcomes, most likely in combinations with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 blockade. This review discusses the rationale for, and results to date of, the development of inhibitory immune checkpoint blockade combination therapies in melanoma. The clinical potential of new pipeline therapeutics, and possible future therapy design and directions that hold promise to significantly improve clinical prognosis compared with monotherapy, are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.