ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2019
A repeated measures study of phenol, paraben and Triclocarban urinary biomarkers and circulating maternal hormones during gestation in the Puerto Rico PROTECT cohort.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal bisphenols exposure and thyroid function in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The Influence of Triclosan on the Thyroid Hormone System in Humans - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Triclosan and Maternal Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Maternal mycoestrogen exposure in relation to timing of birth and placental corticotropin releasing hormone concentrations in a U.S. pregnancy cohort.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Bisphenol S and female reproductive toxicity: a scoping review of human studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the use of silicone wristbands and urinary biomarkers to assess personal exposure to phthalates.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Bisphenol A and its analogues in thyroid diseases: Evidence from dysfunction, autoimmunity, and cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Review
- Examining the association between gestational phenol exposure and infant non-nutritive suck in two Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Association of urine parabens with liver function in US adolescents based on NHANES 2007-2016.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Associations among PMEnvironmental research communications · 2025Article
- Impact of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure on thyroid disruption and oxidative stress in early pregnancy.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Exposure to Synthetic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Relation to Maternal and Fetal Sex Steroid Hormones: A Scoping Review.Current environmental health reports · 2024Article
- Association of Phenols, Parabens, and Their Mixture with Maternal Blood Pressure Measurements in the PROTECT Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.Environment international · 2024Article
- Environmental Endocrinology: Parabens Hazardous Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure and Maternal Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations across Pregnancy.Toxics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPrenatal exposure to some phenols and parabens has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Hormones may play an intermediate role between phenols and adverse outcomes. We examined the associations of phenol and paraben exposures with maternal reproductive and thyroid hormones in 602 pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Urinary triclocarban, phenol and paraben biomarkers, and serum hormones (estriol, progesterone, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) were measured at two visits during pregnancy.
methodsLinear mixed models with a random intercept were constructed to examine the associations between hormones and urinary biomarkers. Results were additionally stratified by study visit. Results were transformed to hormone percent changes for an inter-quartile-range difference in exposure biomarker concentrations (%Δ).
resultsBisphenol-S was associated with a decrease in CRH [(%Δ -11.35; 95% CI: -18.71, - 3.33), and bisphenol-F was associated with an increase in FT4 (%Δ: 2.76; 95% CI: 0.29, 5.22). Butyl-, methyl- and propylparaben were associated with decreases in SHBG [(%Δ: -5.27; 95% CI: -9.4, - 1.14); (%Δ: -3.53; 95% CI: -7.37, 0.31); (%Δ: -3.74; 95% CI: -7.76, 0.27)]. Triclocarban was positively associated with T3 (%Δ: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.98) and T3/T4 ratio (%Δ: 4.67; 95% CI: -1.37, 6.65), and suggestively negatively associated with TSH (%Δ: -10.12; 95% CI: -19.47, 0.32). There was evidence of susceptible windows of vulnerability for some associations. At 24-28 weeks gestation, there was a positive association between 2,4-dichlorophenol and CRH (%Δ: 9.66; 95% CI: 0.67, 19.45) and between triclosan and estriol (%Δ: 13.17; 95% CI: 2.34, 25.2); and a negative association between triclocarban and SHBG (%Δ: -9.71; 95% CI:-19.1, - 0.27) and between bisphenol A and testosterone (%Δ: -17.37; 95% CI: -26.7, - 6.87).
conclusionPhenols and parabens are associated with hormone levels during pregnancy. Further studies are required to substantiate these findings.
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