ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Quality of Community Pharmacy Practice in Antibiotic Self-Medication Encounters: A Simulated Patient Study in Upper Egypt.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hospital and community-acquired infections.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Perspectives and Challenges of Healthcare Professionals, Patients, and Caregivers Regarding Utilizing Antibiotics and Implementing Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare Facilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nationwide assessment of community pharmacists' practices and atorvastatin-drug interactions in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Self-medication in times of illness: a multi-center cross-sectional study among medical students in Egypt.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Community pharmacists' history taking practice in responding to acute uncomplicated cystitis: A simulated patient study from Sudan.PloS one · 2026Article
- Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Associated Factors for Purchasing Antibiotics Without a Prescription Among Patients in Rural South Africa: Implications for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Medication Recommendation, Counseling, and Pricing for Nasal Sprays in German Community Pharmacies: A Simulated Patient Investigation.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Awareness program for controlling the misuse of antibiotics and related resistance among mothers of children under 5 years.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Persistent Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Minia, Upper Egypt.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin among diabetic patients and pharmacists in Egypt: "cross-sectional observational study".BMC medical education · 2024Observational
- Unravelling the dilemma of self-medication in Egypt: a cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the general Egyptian population.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Current Status and Perspectives of Diagnosis and Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Review
- Non-prescription antibiotics dispensing by community pharmacies: implications for antimicrobial resistance.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Egyptian community pharmacies and self-care: Context, challenges and opportunities.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Evaluation of routine practices of dispensing pattern among community pharmacists in Can Tho city, Vietnam: A cross-sectional simulated patient approach.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices of acute kidney injury incidence with co-administration of piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of Egyptians towards antibiotic use in the community: can we do better?Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2023Article
- The Extent of Antibiotic Dispensing in Self-Medication Encounters in Sudan: A Simulated Patient Study Focusing on Cefixime Sale.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2023Article
- Non-prescribed antibiotic use for children at community levels in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic misuse, either by patients or healthcare professionals, is one of the major contributing factors to antimicrobial resistance. In many Middle Eastern countries including Egypt, there are no strict regulations regarding antibiotic dispensing by community pharmacies. In this study, we examined antibiotic dispensing patterns in Egyptian community pharmacies. About 150 community pharmacies were randomly chosen using convenience sampling from the five most populous urban districts of Minia Governorate in Egypt. Two simulated patient (SP) scenarios of viral respiratory tract infection requiring no antibiotic treatment were used to assess the actual antibiotics dispensing practice of. Face-to-face interviews were then conducted to assess the intended dispensing practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated to report the main study outcomes. In 238 visits of both scenarios, 98.3% of service providers dispensed amoxicillin. Although stated otherwise in interviews, most pharmacy providers (63%) dispensed amoxicillin without collecting relevant information from presenting SPs. Findings showed high rates of antibiotic misuse in community pharmacies. Discrepancies between interviews and patient simulation results also suggest a practice‒knowledge gap. Corrective actions, whether legislation, enforcement, education, or awareness campaigns about antibiotic misuse, are urgently needed to improve antibiotic dispensing practices in Egyptian community pharmacies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.