ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Protective Effect of Glutathione against Oxidative Stress-induced Cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 Macrophages through Activating the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deuterium-Depleted Water in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Experimental Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
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- Unfolded Protein Response Pathways in Cancer: Mechanisms, Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Opportunities.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Protection by Trifolirhizin Alleviates Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Liver Injury via Coordinated Suppression of the ROS/cGAS-STING Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Halogenated anthraquinones in breast cancer therapy: Structural modifications targeting VEGF-related angiogenesis pathways.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- New Adjuvant Therapies for Obesity-Related Disorders Associated with Meta-Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A gel-forming antioxidant eye drop for photoreceptor protection in retinitis pigmentosa.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
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- Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on Monocyte and Macrophage Biology.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ruthenium(II)-Arene Complexes: Biomolecular Binding, Thermodynamic Insights, and Selective Cytotoxicity.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Microplastic-Induced Macrophage Dysfunction Drives Lung Tumor Progression through Glutathione Imbalance.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Protein nano-bioactives against microgravity-induced endothelial dysfunction.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Damage-induced pyroptosis drives endogenous thymic regeneration by activating the purinergic receptor P2Y2.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Nervonic acid confers neuroprotection in a zebrafish model of diabetic neuropathy by promoting myelin repair and metabolic modulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Alterations in gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital left-to-right shunt heart disease: potential mechanisms and biomarkers.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Bioinformatic analysis of metastasis-associated metabolic landscape reveals an oncogenic role for the transsulfuration pathway.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Plumbagin sensitizes leukemia cells to cisplatin by promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Influence of ApoE genotype on doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment in juvenile rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting the Glutaminolysis Pathway in Glaucoma-Associated Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), products of oxidative stress, contribute to the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of various diseases. Glutathione is a major antioxidant that can help prevent the process through the removal of ROS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of glutathione on ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, in RAW 264.7 macrophages and to investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. The results showed that the decrease in the survival rate of RAW 264.7 cells treated with H₂O₂ was due to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis accompanied by the increased production of ROS. However, H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation were significantly reversed by glutathione. In addition, the H₂O₂-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was related to a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and these changes were also significantly attenuated in the presence of glutathione. These protective actions were accompanied by a increase in the expression rate of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by the inactivation of caspase-3. Moreover, glutathione-mediated cytoprotective properties were associated with an increased activation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1; however, the inhibition of the HO-1 function using an HO-1 specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin IX, significantly weakened the cytoprotective effects of glutathione. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the exogenous administration of glutathione is able to protect RAW 264.7 cells against oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis along with the activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.