SynthesisQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2019
Systematic review of the measurement properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 by applying updated COSMIN methodology.
Synthesis in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07702513 (A Pilot Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Study of Home-Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation to Evaluate Mobility, Balance, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 118 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Study of Home-Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation to Evaluate Mobility, Balance, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring medical student wellbeing longitudinally: a psychometric systematic review of commonly used scales.Canadian medical education journal · 2026Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures for anticipatory grief: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Psychometric properties of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery composites in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life in osteoporosis: a systematic review of measurement properties of the QUALEFFO-41.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Assessment of the measurement properties of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 by applying the COSMIN methodology.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of volcanic eruptions on the mental health of exposed populations: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting-A Systematic Review.Journal of occupational health · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of a trauma-informed and peer-supported digital brief intervention for heavy-drinking emerging adults with interpersonal trauma.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Analgesic Efficacy and Tolerability of Amitriptyline versus Mianserin in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial.Journal of pain research · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for distress, emotion regulation, and self-compassion in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2025Trial
- Cognitive training using a mobile app as a coping tool against COVID-19 distress: A crossover randomized controlled trial.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Trial
- Does Fibre-fix provided to people with irritable bowel syndrome who are consuming a low FODMAP diet improve their gut health, gut microbiome, sleep and mental health? A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2020Trial
- A brief acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for individuals at risk of neurodegenerative disease: A translational study in inherited prion disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Psychometric Analyses of the Italian 8-Item, 9-Item, and 12-Item Versions of the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale.Evaluation & the health professions · 2026Article
- Psychotherapy is not just for Rich White People: Outcomes for Clients from Minoritized Backgrounds and in a Community Training Clinic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Mental Health Matters: A Multi-Institution Study on the Mental Health of Undergraduate Dental Students.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Article
- In Search of a Global Distress Measurement Instrument for Perinatal Use: Testing Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Forms with Swedish Pregnant and Postpartum Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictive Discriminant Validity of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Incremental Prediction of Emotion Regulation Beyond Psychological Distress.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)-21 measures emotional symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, is relatively short, and is freely available in the public domain, which has resulted in it being applied to various clinical and non-clinical populations in many countries. The aim of this study was to systematically review the measurement properties of the DASS-21.
methodsThe MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched. The methodological quality of each identified study was assessed using the updated COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. The quality of the measurement properties of the studies was rated using the updated criteria for good measurement properties. The quality of evidence was rated using a modified version of the GRADE approach.
resultsThis study included 48 studies in its review. The content validity of the DASS-21 demonstrated sufficient moderate-quality evidence. The instrument exhibited sufficient high-quality evidence for bifactor structural validity and internal consistency. The instrument also showed sufficient high-quality evidence for hypothesis testing of construct validity. Regarding criterion validity, only the DASS-21 Depression subscale demonstrated sufficient high-quality evidence. The measurement invariance across gender demonstrated inconsistent moderate-quality evidence. There was insufficient low-quality evidence for the reliability of each subscale. For responsiveness there was sufficient low-quality evidence for depression and stress subscales, and insufficient very-low-quality evidence for anxiety subscale.
conclusionsThe DASS-21 demonstrated sufficient high-quality evidence for bifactor structural validity, internal consistency (bifactor), criterion validity (Depression subscale), and hypothesis testing for construct validity. Further studies are required to assess the other measurement properties of the DASS-21.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.