ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Contribution of Cytokines to Tissue Damage During Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Hyperinflammation and immunomodulation in influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and syncytial respiratory virus infection in adults: from innate immune responses and biomarkers to clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- βNature communications · 2025Article
- The Differential Early Responses of Human Leukocytes to Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunomodulation in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Clinical Implications.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Fucoidan Alleviates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Induced Intestinal Damage in Piglets by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Modulating Arginine Metabolism.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of human respiratory pathogens and associated mucosal cytokine levels in young children and adults: a cross-sectional observational study in the Netherlands during the winter of 2012/2013.Pathogens and disease · 2024Observational
- A clinical protocol for a German birth cohort study of the Maturation of Immunity Against respiratory viral Infections (MIAI).Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Fumarprotocetraric acid and geraniin were identified as novel inhibitors of human respiratory syncytial virus infectionFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Investigation of the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Houpo Mahuang Decoction on a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Serum Levels of Selected Cytokines and Chemokines and IgG4 in Children With Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- Reduced antiviral gene expression and elevated CXCL8 expression in peripheral blood are associated with severe hypoxemia in RSV-infected children.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Characterization of a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the F-Protein of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) for the Typing of Contemporary Circulating Strains.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Association of mTOR Pathway and Conformational Alterations in C-Reactive Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Infections.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Sex-associated early-life viral innate immune response is transcriptionally associated with chromatin remodeling of type-I IFN-inducible genes.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Two synthetic steroid analogs reduce human respiratory syncytial virus replication and the immune response to infection bothHeliyon · 2023Article
- Knockdown of the Autophagy Protein Beclin-1 Does Not Affect Innate Cytokine Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) remains one of the leading pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children younger than 2 years old, worldwide. Hospitalizations during the winter season due to hRSV-induced bronchiolitis and pneumonia increase every year. Despite this, there are no available vaccines to mitigate the health and economic burden caused by hRSV infection. The pathology caused by hRSV induces significant damage to the pulmonary epithelium, due to an excessive inflammatory response at the airways. Cytokines are considered essential players for the establishment and modulation of the immune and inflammatory responses, which can either be beneficial or harmful for the host. The deleterious effect observed upon hRSV infection is mainly due to tissue damage caused by immune cells recruited to the site of infection. This cellular recruitment takes place due to an altered profile of cytokines secreted by epithelial cells. As a result of inflammatory cell recruitment, the amounts of cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and CCL5 are further increased, while IL-10 and IFN-γ are decreased. However, additional studies are required to elicit the mediators directly associated with hRSV damage entirely. In addition to the detrimental induction of inflammatory mediators in the respiratory tract caused by hRSV, reports indicating alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) have been published. Indeed, elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), CCL2, and CCL4 have been reported in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with severe bronchiolitis and hRSV-associated encephalopathy. In this review article, we provide an in-depth analysis of the role of cytokines secreted upon hRSV infection and their potentially harmful contribution to tissue damage of the respiratory tract and the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.