ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Nanobody-based CAR T cells that target the tumor microenvironment inhibit the growth of solid tumors in immunocompetent mice.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 194 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and biomarker analysis of CD133-directed CAR T cells in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial.Oncoimmunology · 2020Trial
- Multi-dimensional orchestration of binders for improved CAR-T immunotherapy.Cancer letters · 2026Review
- Emerging frontiers in adoptive cell therapies: engineering innovations, current challenges, and manufacturing perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Antibody format matters: A comparative analysis of VHH and scFv domains reveals superior in vivo CAR T cell function with VHH domains.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- CAR T Cells Targeting O-Glycosylated Fibronectin Exhibit Potent Cytolytic Activity and Combine with Tumoral Toll-Like Receptor Agonism to Overcome Tumor Resistance.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Nanobody-based targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy: fear not the future.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell vaccines: Current research progress, challenges, and opportunities.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- NG2-targeting macrophages inhibit 3D invasion of patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Transforming Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment for Solid Tumors.Small science · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-T cells for solid tumors: overcoming antigenic, trafficking, and microenvironmental barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A new strategy for CAR-T therapy in solid tumors: IL-15-autocrine signaling augments tumor stroma depletion and promotes a TCell death & disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting the extracellular matrix with Tenascin-C-specific CAR T cells extends survival in preclinical models of glioblastoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Tumour-associated vasculature in T cell homing and immunity: opportunities for cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Application of nanobody‑based CAR‑T in tumor immunotherapy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Development of a novel anti-CEACAM5 VHH for SPECT imaging and potential cancer therapy applications.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- Fine tuning towards the next generation of engineered T cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Exosome-like nanovesicles fromNon-coding RNA research · 2025Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successful in clinical trials against hematological cancers, but has experienced challenges in the treatment of solid tumors. One of the main difficulties lies in a paucity of tumor-specific targets that can serve as CAR recognition domains. We therefore focused on developing VHH-based, single-domain antibody (nanobody) CAR T cells that target aspects of the tumor microenvironment conserved across multiple cancer types. Many solid tumors evade immune recognition through expression of checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1, that down-regulate the immune response. We therefore targeted CAR T cells to the tumor microenvironment via the checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1 and observed a reduction in tumor growth, resulting in improved survival. CAR T cells that target the tumor stroma and vasculature through the EIIIB
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.