ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2019
Single-cell imaging of CAR T cell activity in vivo reveals extensive functional and anatomical heterogeneity.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and long-term survival of CD19/22 versus CD19 CAR-T immunotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory B-ALL with TP53 alterations.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Deep learning for optoacoustic imaging of reversibly switchable proteins: training and performance testing using simulated multispectral optoacoustic tomography images.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Decoding immunotherapy resistance in multiple myeloma: genetic insights and approaches to counter resistance.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- How crosstalk at the immune synapse shapes T cell and dendritic cell biology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Imaging-guided optimization of biodistribution and antitumor efficacy of L19-based immunocytokines.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Directed evolution-based discovery of ligands for in vivo restimulation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- The impact of the large B-cell lymphoma tumor microenvironment on efficacy of CD19-directed CAR-T immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Imaging the fate of CAR-T cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatio-temporal kinetics of patients' CAR-T cells in blood and serous cavity effusion: real-world clinical insights.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Sustained and specific multiplexed immune checkpoint modulation in CAR T cells induced by targeted epigenome editing.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Reprogramming RIPK3-induced cell death in malignant B cells promotes immune-mediated tumor control.Science advances · 2025Article
- Metal-modulated T cell antitumor immunity and emerging metalloimmunotherapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Computational modelling of CAR T-cell therapy: from cellular kinetics to patient-level predictions.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Molecular dynamics at immune synapse lipid rafts influence the cytolytic behavior of CAR T cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Updates in Pathogenesis and Biomarkers, Current Treatment, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Visualizing cellular interactions: intravital imaging in tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR T cell infiltration and cytotoxic killing within the core of 3D breast cancer spheroids under the control of antigen sensing in microwell arrays.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- 3D live imaging and phenotyping of CAR-T cell mediated-cytotoxicity using high-throughput Bessel oblique plane microscopy.Nature communications · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
CAR T cells represent a potentially curative strategy for B cell malignancies. However, the outcome and dynamics of CAR T cell interactions in distinct anatomical sites are poorly understood. Using intravital imaging, we tracked interactions established by anti-CD19 CAR T cells in B cell lymphoma-bearing mice. Circulating targets trapped CAR T cells in the lungs, reducing their access to lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, tumor apoptosis was largely due to CAR T cells that engaged, killed, and detached from their targets within 25 min. Notably, not all CAR T cell contacts elicited calcium signaling or killing while interacting with tumors, uncovering extensive functional heterogeneity. Mathematical modeling revealed that direct killing was sufficient for tumor regression. Finally, antigen-loss variants emerged in the bone marrow, but not in lymph nodes, where CAR T cell cytotoxic activity was reduced. Our results identify a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the outcomes of CAR T cell interactions in vivo, with important clinical implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.