ArticlePediatrics2019
WIC Food Package Changes: Trends in Childhood Obesity Prevalence.
Article in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Child and Adult Care Food Program and young children's health: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- An Electronic Health Record-Based Intervention to Facilitate Primary Care Referrals to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Addressing Weight Stigma in WIC: A Qualitative Study Exploring Advice and Training Needs of Minnesota WIC Staff.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2026Article
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Comparison of In-Person and Virtual Implementations of an Obesity Prevention Culinary Nutrition Education Program for Family Care Providers.Obesities · 2024Article
- Childhood Obesity Prevention - Focusing on Population-Level Interventions and Equity.The New England journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Trends in Food Insecurity Among Households with Children Participating in WIC and SNAP in California, 2005-2017.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- WIC staff and healthcare professional perceptions of an EHR intervention to facilitate referrals to and improve communication and coordination with WIC: A qualitative study.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Food Insecurity and Diabetes: Overview of Intersections and Potential Dual Solutions.Diabetes care · 2023Review
- Association of a primary care-based mobile food pantry with child body mass index: A propensity score matched cohort study.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
- Importance of Nutrition Security to CVD Prevention Efforts in the USA.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Supporting early childhood routines to promote cardiovascular health across the life course.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2023Article
- A Descriptive Analysis of Redemption Patterns by Vendor Type Among: WIC Participants in Massachusetts.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Trends in Food Consumption Among Children Aged 1-4 Years by Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, United States, 2005-2018.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Perspectives on healthy eating practices and acceptance of WIC-approved foods among parents of young children enrolled in WIC.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the association of the 2009 changes to the US Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food package and childhood obesity trends. We hypothesized that the food package change reduced obesity among children participating in WIC, a population that has been especially vulnerable to the childhood obesity epidemic.
methodsWe used an interrupted time-series design with repeated cross-sectional measurements of state-specific obesity prevalence among WIC-participating 2- to 4-year-old children from 2000 to 2014. We used multilevel linear regression models to estimate the trend in obesity prevalence for states before the WIC package revision and to test whether the trend in obesity prevalence changed after the 2009 WIC package revision, adjusting for changes in demographics. In a secondary analysis, we adjusted for changes in macrosomia and high prepregnancy BMI.
resultsBefore the 2009 WIC food package change, the prevalence of obesity across states among 2- to 4-year-old WIC participants was increasing by 0.23 percentage points annually (95% confidence interval: 0.17 to 0.29;
conclusionsThe 2009 WIC food package change may have helped to reverse the rapid increase in obesity prevalence among WIC participants observed before the food package change.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.