ArticleDiabetes care2019
Association Between Topical Corticosteroid Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Two European Population-Based Adult Cohorts.
Article in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical Prescription Therapy for Psoriasis: An Expert Position Paper on Limitations of Published Guidelines and Treatment Selection With Updated Recommendations.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Unsuspected Adverse Drug Reactions to Dermatologic Medications: An Epidemiological Hypothesis-Free Screening Study of Real-World Data in Denmark.Drug safety · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical pathways with insights from autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Associated With Topical Corticosteroid Use: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Is It Time for a New Algorithm for the Pharmacotherapy of Steroid-Induced Diabetes?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Medication-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Literature and Practical Management Strategies.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Review
- Adverse events from topical corticosteroid use in chronic hand eczema - Findings from the Danish Skin Cohort.JAAD international · 2024Article
- Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad?Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- The long-term safety of topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review.Skin health and disease · 2023Article
- Topical Glucocorticoid Use and the Risk of Posttransplant Diabetes.Case reports in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Complications of Corticosteroid Therapy: A Comprehensive Literature Review.The Journal of pharmacy technology : jPT : official publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians · 2022Review
- Fresh insights into glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus and new therapeutic directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Appraisal of Proactive Topical Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis: Pros and Cons.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2021Review
- A Practical Guide for the Management of Steroid Induced Hyperglycaemia in the Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Association of Potent and Very Potent Topical Corticosteroids and the Risk of Osteoporosis and Major Osteoporotic Fractures.JAMA dermatology · 2021Article
- Drugs Affecting Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolic Function-Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic or Preventive Measures: an Update.Current obesity reports · 2021Review
- Crisaborole Ointment, 2%, for Treatment of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Dermatology and therapy · 2020Article
- Allergen Immunotherapy and Atopic Dermatitis: the Good, the Bad, and the Unknown.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2019Review
- Topical glucocorticoids and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2019Article
- Beyond Skin Deep: The Systemic Impact of Topical Corticosteroids in Dermatology.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTopical corticosteroids (CSs) are commonly used to treat inflammatory skin conditions including eczema and psoriasis. Although topical CS package inserts describe hyperglycemia and glycosuria as adverse drug reactions, it is unclear whether topical CS use in real life is also associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsTwo matched case-control studies and one cohort study were conducted using routinely collected health care data from Denmark and the U.K. A total of 115,218 and 54,944 adults were identified as case subjects with new-onset T2D in the Danish and U.K. case-control study, respectively. For the Danish cohort study, 2,689,473 adults were included. The main exposure was topical CSs, and the outcome was incident T2D.
resultsTopical CS was significantly associated with T2D in the Danish (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.25 [95% CI 1.23-1.28]) and U.K. (adjusted OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.23-1.31]) case-control studies. Individuals who were exposed to topical CSs had significantly increased risk of incident T2D (adjusted hazard ratio 1.27 [95% CI 1.26-1.29]). We observed significant dose-response relationships between T2D and increasing potency of topical CSs in the two Danish studies. The results were consistent across all sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsWe found a positive association between topical CS prescribing and incident T2D in Danish and U.K. adult populations. Clinicians should be cognizant of possible diabetogenic effects of potent topical CSs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.