ArticleThe Journal of manual & manipulative therapy2019
The C0-C2 axial rotation test: normal values, intra- and inter-rater reliability and correlation with the flexion rotation test in normal subjects.
Article in The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06689371 (Dry Needling Versus Dry Cupping on Pain and Disability in Cervicogenic Headache Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dry Needling Versus Dry Cupping on Pain and Disability in Cervicogenic Headache Patients
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Measurement properties of smartphone applications for the measurement of neck range of motion: a systematic review and meta analyses.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of sustained natural apophyseal glides versus rocabado 6 × 6 program in subjects with cervicogenic headache.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Sensorimotor performance in acute-subacute non-specific neck pain: a non-randomized prospective clinical trial with intervention.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Trial
- Effects of the Manual Therapy Approach of Segments C0-1 and C2-3 in the Flexion-Rotation Test in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Cervical Spine Range of Motion Reliability with Two Methods and Associations with Demographics, Forward Head Posture, and Respiratory Mechanics in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Improving Adherence to a Home Rehabilitation Plan for Chronic Neck Pain through Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Headache and orofacial pain: A traffic-light prognosis-based management approach for the musculoskeletal practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Association between age, sex and cervical and upper cervical rotation tests. Descriptive and correlational study in healthy volunteers.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2023Article
- Cervical Spine Fracture Prediction by Simple Plain X-Ray in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients after Low-Energy Trauma.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Article
- Between-week reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device for upper cervical rotation.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2021Article
- Headache symptom modification: the relevance of appropriate manual therapy assessment and management of a patient with features of migraine and cervicogenic headache - a case report.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2020Article
- On-site multi-component intervention to improve productivity and reduce the economic and personal burden of neck pain in Swiss office-workers (NEXpro): protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesImpairment in upper cervical spine mobility is associated with cervicogenic headache severity and disability. Measures of such mobility include the flexion-rotation test (FRT), which requires full cervical flexion and may be influenced by lower cervical spine dysfunction. The C0-C2 axial rotation test also evaluates upper cervical mobility but normal values and reliability have not been reported. Our objective is to determine normal values, and intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the C0-C2 axial rotation test.
methodsTwo therapists independently evaluated the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test with an iPhone compass application on 32 asymptomatic subjects with mean age 40.53 (SD 11.64) years on two occasions. Measurement procedures were standardized; and order of testing randomized.
resultsFor the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test reliability was high (ICC > 0.88). For rater one, Mean range to the left during the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test was 45.0° (6.04) and 14.43° (2.94), respectively, while range to the right was 44.6° (6.57) and 15.44° (2.68). For the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test the standard error of measurement was at most 2°, while the minimum detectable change was at most 4°. A strong positive correlation exists between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). DISCUSSION: The range recorded during the C0-C2 axial rotation test and FRT have high levels of reliability when evaluated using an iPhone. The strong correlation between the FRT and C0-C2 axial rotation test indicate that both may be measuring similar constructs, but each test needs to be referenced to normal values.
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