SynthesisTechnology in cancer research & treatment2019
Malignancy in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Review of the Literature.
Synthesis in Technology in cancer research & treatment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evaluation and Management of Lung Metastases in Patients with Giant Cell Tumors of Bone in the Denosumab Era.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Pooled it
- The diagnostic value of machine learning for the classification of malignant bone tumor: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone: analysis of an open-label phase 2 study of denosumab.BMC cancer · 2021Trial
- Anterior rib giant cell tumor of bone mimicking a malignant chest-wall tumor: a case report.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Distal Humerus: A Rare Location With a Good Response to Denosumab.Cureus · 2026Article
- Incidence of malignant transformation in giant cell tumor of bone following denosumab therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Review
- Secondary Malignant Transformation of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Nine Years After Initial Curettage: A Case Report and Literature Review.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Origin, diagnosis and treatment of periocular Histiocytic disorders- state-of-the-art review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- [Primary malignant bone tumours-part II].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Sacrum: A Narrative Review of Management Challenges and Modalities.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Biology, Pathophysiology, and Histopathology in the Era of H3F3A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in the Mandible: Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.Head and neck pathology · 2026Review
- A Fishy Situation: Hand Infection due toCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Conversion to Complete, Parenchyma-Sparing Resection after Prolonged Denosumab for Bilateral Multifocal Pulmonary Metastases from Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Case Report.Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia · 2026Article
- Editorial: Case reports in PET imaging 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Combined Approach (Surgery + Systemic Adjuvant Therapy) in a Giant Cell Tumor of Proximal Femur: A Rare Case Report.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Soft tissue recurrence in giant cell tumor of Bone: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Malignant and metastatic giant cell tumors of bone; clinical course of primary or secondary malignant and pulmonary metastatic variants.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- Remarkable response to anti-PD-L1 blockade in relapsed and refractory metastatic malignant giant cell tumor of bone: a case report.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrimary and recurrent giant cell tumor of bone is typically benign; however, rarely giant cell tumor of bone can undergo malignant transformation. Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone may be primary (adjacent to benign giant cell tumor of bone at first diagnosis) or secondary (at the site of previously treated giant cell tumor of bone). Malignant giant cell tumor of bone has a poor prognosis; it is important to distinguish malignant from benign lesions to facilitate appropriate management. The true incidence of malignant giant cell tumor of bone is not known, probably owing to inaccurate diagnosis and inconsistent nomenclature. We have analyzed current data to provide a robust estimate of the incidence of malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone.
methodsA literature search was performed to source published reports of primary and secondary cases of malignant giant cell tumor of bone. Studies that reported a denominator were used to estimate the incidence of malignancy.
resultsWe identified 4 large series of patients with malignant giant cell tumor of bone that provided data on 2315 patients with giant cell tumor of bone. Across these studies, the cumulative incidence of malignancy was 4.0%; the cumulative incidence of primary malignancy was 1.6% compared with 2.4% for secondary malignancy. Our analyses confirmed that most malignant giant cell tumor of bone is secondary and occurs following radiation. In addition, data from 8 small series showed that 4.8% of patients with giant cell tumor of bone who received radiation therapy developed secondary malignancy.
conclusionsMalignant giant cell tumor of bone is rare, and its identification is hindered by a lack of clear diagnostic criteria. For optimal care of patients with giant cell tumor of bone, we recommend: comprehensive histologic sampling to ensure accurate diagnoses; watchful follow-up, particularly for patients treated with radiation; and timely treatment of local recurrence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.