Trial reportInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Immunotherapy: The Galectin-3 Signature in NSCLCs.
Trial report in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperprogressive disease in carcinoma induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- Relative bioavailability and food effect of the galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin (GB1211) administered as a tablet in healthy participants (GALBA-1).Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Single-Cell RNA-Seq Dissects Specific Marker in Glioblastoma Based on Gene Regulatory Networks.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- New dimensions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination therapy in cancer treatment: current advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of glycan-lectin interactions in the tumor microenvironment: immunosuppression regulators of colorectal cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- NPRL2 promotes TRIM16-mediated ubiquitination degradation of Galectin-3 to prevent CD8Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Gal-3 blocks the binding between PD-1 and pembrolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Review
- Galectin-3 and cancer immunotherapy: a glycobiological rationale to overcome tumor immune escape.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Elevated Galectin-3 levels in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer - implication of ROS mediated suppression of NK cell antitumor response via tumor-associated neutrophils.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Predictive role of galectin-3 for immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a potential new marker for ICB resistance.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- RAGE ablation attenuates glioma progression and enhances tumor immune responses by suppressing galectin-3 expression.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Galectins as pivotal components in oncogenesis and immune exclusion in human malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Resistance to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1: galectin-3 inhibition with GB1211 reverses galectin-3-induced blockade of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab binding to PD-1/PD-L1.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Discovery and Optimization of the First Highly Effective and Orally Available Galectin-3 Inhibitors for Treatment of Fibrotic Disease.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- Identification of an autophagy-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sweet Immune Checkpoint Targets to Enhance T Cell Therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Galectin-3 Decreases 4-1BBL Bioactivity by Crosslinking Soluble and Membrane Expressed 4-1BB.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy is opening a promising scenario in oncology, with objective responses registered in multiple cancer types. However, reliable predictive markers of tumor responsiveness are still lacking. These markers need to be urgently identified for a better selection of patients that can be candidates for immunotherapy. In this pilot study, a cohort of 34 consecutive patients bearing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), treated with pembrolizumab, was considered. The retrospective immuno-phenotypic analysis performed on the original tumor biopsies allowed for the identification of a specific "galectin signature", which strongly correlated with tumor responsiveness to anti PD-1 immunotherapy. We observed that the large majority of patients (about 90%) with high galectin-3 tumor expression (score 3+) showed an early and dramatic progression of the disease after three cycles of treatments. In contrast, all patients with negative or low/intermediate expression of galectin-3 in tumor cells showed an early and durable objective response to pembrolizumab, indicating galectin-3 as an interesting predictive marker of tumor responsiveness. The galectin-3 signature, at least in NSCLCs, promises a better selection of patient candidates for immunotherapy, reducing unnecessary treatment exposures and social costs. A large multicenter study is ongoing to validate this finding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.