ReviewToxins2019
Long-term Effects of Snake Envenoming.
Review in Toxins, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the management of snakebite: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2025Pooled it
- Antivenom preclinical efficacy testing against Asian snakes and their availability in Asia: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and outcome measurement tools reported in randomised controlled trials of treatment for snakebite envenoming: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Genotoxic Activity ofBiology · 2026Article
- Exploiting the Property of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds as Inhibitors of In Vivo and In Vitro Toxic Effects Caused byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Evaluating the content quality and trustworthiness of snakebite envenomation videos on social media platforms: insights from TikTok and Bilibili.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Estimating the distributional impact of improving access to snake antivenom in urban and rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluation of long-term consequences among snakebite survivors in rural Kenya including validation of a functional limitations assessment tool.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
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- Article
- Wound Botulism Complicating a Snake Bite Wound Following Traditional Application of Raw Goat Skin Successfully Treated with Botulinum Antitoxin: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term disabilities in children followingThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation with Combined Wavelengths Results in Improved Clinical Recovery in a Murine Model ofToxins · 2025Article
- Oral microflora ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics-Guided Identification and Quantification of Biomarkers of Crotalus atrox Envenoming and Its Neutralization by Antivenom.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2025Article
- Vipera Snakebite in Children: A Focus on Europe.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Enhancing the Bothropic Antivenom through a Reverse Antivenomics Approach.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Development of squamous cell carcinoma at the bite sites several years following suspected cobra (Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Knowledge of local snakes, first-aid and prevention of snakebites among community health workers and community members in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- An overview of hypopituitarism's causes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-term effects of envenoming compromise the quality of life of the survivors of snakebite. We searched MEDLINE (from 1946) and EMBASE (from 1947) until October 2018 for clinical literature on the long-term effects of snake envenoming using different combinations of search terms. We classified conditions that last or appear more than six weeks following envenoming as long term or delayed effects of envenoming. Of 257 records identified, 51 articles describe the long-term effects of snake envenoming and were reviewed. Disability due to amputations, deformities, contracture formation, and chronic ulceration, rarely with malignant change, have resulted from local necrosis due to bites mainly from African and Asian cobras, and Central and South American Pit-vipers. Progression of acute kidney injury into chronic renal failure in Russell's viper bites has been reported in several studies from India and Sri Lanka. Neuromuscular toxicity does not appear to result in long-term effects. Endocrine anomalies such as delayed manifestation of hypopituitarism following Russell's viper bites have been reported. Delayed psychological effects such as depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder and somatisation have been reported. Blindness due to primary and secondary effects of venom is a serious, debilitating effect. In general, the available studies have linked a clinical effect to a snakebite in retrospect, hence lacked accurate snake authentication, details of acute management and baseline data and are unable to provide a detailed picture of clinical epidemiology of the long-term effects of envenoming. In the future, it will be important to follow cohorts of snakebite patients for a longer period of time to understand the true prevalence, severity, clinical progression and risk factors of long-term effects of snake envenoming.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.