ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Increased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D Following Brain Injury.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Inflammatory-neurodegenerative crosstalk in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: a multi-domain plasma proteomic study.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Curcumin attenuates brain aging by reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (VEGF-D): An Angiogenesis Bypass in Malignant Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Localized Increased Permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier for Antibody Conjugates in the Cuprizone Model of Demyelination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Perivascular macrophages in high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Systemic Maternal Human sFLT1 Overexpression Leads to an Impaired Foetal Brain Development of Growth-Restricted Foetuses upon Experimental Preeclampsia.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Anti-angiogenic Properties of Bevacizumab Improve Respiratory System Inflammation in Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Model of Asthma.Inflammation · 2021Article
- Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- A Commonly Used Biocide 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneInduces Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction via Cellular Thiol Modification and Mitochondrial Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Implicating endothelial cell senescence to dysfunction in the ageing and diseased brain.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2020Review
- Characterization of gene expression changes in human neural stem cells and endothelial cells modeling a neurovascular microenvironment.Brain research bulletin · 2020Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB): Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Influence of Cigarette Smoking as a Premorbid Condition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Semi-Automated Cell and Tissue Analyses Reveal Regionally Specific Morphological Alterations of Immune and Neural Cells in a Porcine Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alterations in the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A and B occur during blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and angiogenesis following a brain injury. In this study, the temporal and spatial expression of VEGF-D and VEGF receptors-2 and -3 (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, respectively) was determined at the mRNA and protein level in the rat cortical cold-injury model over a period of 0.5 to 6 days post-injury. In order to relate endothelial VEGF-D protein expression with BBB breakdown, dual labeling immunofluorescence was performed using antibodies to VEGF-D and to fibronectin, a marker of BBB breakdown. In control rats, VEGF-D signal was only observed in scattered perivascular macrophages in the cerebral cortex. The upregulation of VEGF-D mRNA expression was observed in the injury site between days 0.5 to 4, coinciding with the periods of BBB breakdown and angiogenesis. At the protein level, intracerebral vessels with BBB breakdown to fibronectin in the lesion on days 0.5 to 4 failed to show endothelial VEGF-D. Between days 0.5 to 6, increased VEGF-D immunoreactivity was noted in the endothelium of pial vessels overlying the lesion site, in neutrophils, macrophages, and free endothelial cells within the lesion. The upregulation of VEGFR-2 and -3 mRNA and protein expression was observed early post-injury on day 0.5. Although there was concurrent expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and VEGF-D post-injury, differences in their spatial expression during BBB breakdown and angiogenesis suggest that they had specific and separate roles in these processes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.