ArticleCancers2019
Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection in Female Mice Increases Breast Cancer Metastasis.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumour priming by ultrasound mechanogenetics for CAR T therapy.Nature materials · 2026Article
- The immunomodulatory role of human cytomegalovirus in cancer in the era of checkpoint immunotherapy.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Cytomegalovirus infection is common in prostate cancer and antiviral therapies inhibit progression in disease models.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Breast Tumor Metastasis and Its Microenvironment: It Takes Both Seed and Soil to Grow a Tumor and Target It for Treatment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Targeting Breast Cancer with N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine: Integrating Machine Learning and Cellular Assays for Promising Results.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Autotaxin Inhibition with IOA-289 Decreases Breast Tumor Growth in Mice Whereas Knockout of Autotaxin in Adipocytes Does Not.Cancers · 2023Article
- Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity and Viral DNA in Breast Tumors Are Associated with Poor Patient Prognosis.Cancers · 2022Article
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer: The Secretome of HCMVFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- PDGFRα Enhanced Infection of Breast Cancer Cells with Human Cytomegalovirus but Infection of Fibroblasts Increased Prometastatic Inflammation Involving Lysophosphatidate Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Cytomegalovirus infection of glioblastoma cells leads to NF-κB dependent upregulation of the c-MET oncogenic tyrosine kinase.Cancer letters · 2021Article
- Productive Infection of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus Proteins in Paraffin-Embedded Breast Cancer Tissue Specimens-A Novel, Automated Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Insight for Immunotherapy of HCMV Infection.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Review
- EO771, is it a well-characterized cell line for mouse mammary cancer model? Limit and uncertainty.Cancer medicine · 2020Review
- Implications of immune-mediated metastatic growth on metastatic dormancy, blow-up, early detection, and treatment.Journal of mathematical biology · 2020Article
- STING Sensing of Murine Cytomegalovirus Alters the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Antitumor Immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Review
- Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection of Melanoma Lesions Delays Tumor Growth by Recruiting and Repolarizing Monocytic Phagocytes in the Tumor.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- From Vaccine Vector to Oncomodulation: Understanding the Complex Interplay between CMV and Cancer.Vaccines · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects 40⁻70% of women, but infection has been reported in >95% of breast cancer patients. We investigated the consequences of these observations by infecting mice with mCMV or a negative control medium for 4 days, 11 days or 10 weeks to establish active, intermediate or latent infections, respectively. Syngeneic 4T1 or E0771 breast cancer cells were then injected into a mammary fat pad of BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, respectively. Infection did not affect tumor growth in these conditions, but latently infected BALB/c mice developed more lung metastases. The latent mCMV infection of MMTV-PyVT mice, which develop spontaneous breast tumors, also did not affect the number or sizes of breast tumors. However, there were more tumors that were multilobed with greater blood content, which had enhanced vasculature and decreased collagen content. Most significantly, mCMV infection also increased the number and size of lung metastases, which showed a higher cell proliferation. Viral DNA was detected in breast tumors and lung nodules although viral mRNA was not. These novel results have important clinical implications since an increased metastasis is prognostic of decreased survival. This work provides evidence that treating or preventing HCMV infections may increase the life expectancy of breast cancer patients by decreasing metastasis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.