ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
The Policy Effect of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the Digital Public Health Sector in the European Union: An Empirical Investigation.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Improving Acceptability of mHealth Apps-The Use of the Technology Acceptance Model to Assess the Acceptability of mHealth Apps: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Medical Education e-Professionalism (MEeP) framework; from conception to development.Medical education online · 2021Pooled it
- A Lightweight Vision-Based Emotion Sensing Framework for Assistive Healthcare Robotics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Safeguarding patient privacy in eHealth systems: Bridging theory and practice through a scoping review and healthcare survey.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Medical machine learning operations: a framework to facilitate clinical AI development and deployment in radiology.European radiology · 2025Review
- The Next Frontiers in Preventive and Personalized Healthcare: Artificial Intelligent-powered Solutions.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Review
- The preparation and inception of a National Electronic Register for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation (NERCVR) with initial results, as part of a National Electronic Register for Cardiovascular Diseases (NERCVD).Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- An In-depth overview of artificial intelligence (AI) tool utilization across diverse phases of organ transplantation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- E-mental Health in the Age of AI: Data Safety, Privacy Regulations and Recommendations.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring data security risks associated with trauma medical data within hospitals in China: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review of venous thromboembolism risk assessment models for hospitalized medical patients: comparative evidence, implementation challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Medical Information Protection in Internet Hospital Apps in China: Scale Development and Content Analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Exploring the Impact of Security Technologies on Mental Health: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Review
- Geographical and practical challenges in the implementation of digital health passports for cross-border COVID-19 pandemic management: a narrative review and framework for solutions.Globalization and health · 2023Review
- Challenges of Health Data Use in Multidisciplinary Chronic Disease Care: Perspective from Heart Failure Care.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in radiology.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice.BMC medical education · 2023Review
- Digital health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapid development of digital health poses a critical challenge to the personal health data protection of patients. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) works in this context; it was passed in April 2016 and came into force in May 2018 across the European Union. This study is the first attempt to test the effectiveness of this legal reform for personal health data protection. Using the difference-in-difference (DID) approach, this study empirically examines the policy influence of the GDPR on the financial performance of hospitals across the European Union. Results show that hospitals with the digital health service suffered from financial distress after the GDPR was published in 2016. This reveals that during the transition period (2016⁻2018), hospitals across the European Union indeed made costly adjustments to meet the requirements of personal health data protection introduced by this new regulation, and thus inevitably suffered a policy shock to their financial performance in the short term. The implementation of GDPR may have achieved preliminary success.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.