ArticlePloS one2019
Left pulmonary artery in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Echocardiographic evaluation in patients without cardiac defects and role of Tbx1 in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rare T-box variants in adult pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Article
- Fetal Characteristics and Perinatal Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot Without a Ductus Arteriosus.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Cross or Not to Cross-Dilemma of the Pulmonary Arteries.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Article
- Correspondence to "Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Pairs with Complex Congenital Heart Disease".Pediatric cardiology · 2024Article
- 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Impact of Genetics in the Treatment of Conotruncal Heart Defects.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
introduction and hypothesisPatients with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) present, in about 75% of cases, typical patterns of cardiac defects, with a particular involvement on the ventricular outflow tract and great arteries. However, in this genetic condition the dimensions of the pulmonary arteries (PAs) never were specifically evaluated. We measured both PAs diameter in patients with 22q11.2DS without cardiac defects, comparing these data to a normal control group. Moreover, we measured the PAs diameter in Tbx1 mutant mice. Finally, a cell fate mapping in Tbx1 mutants was used to study the expression of this gene in the morphogenesis of PAs.
methodsWe evaluated 58 patients with 22q11.2DS without cardiac defects. The control group consisted of 54 healthy subjects, matched for age and sex. All cases underwent a complete transthoracic echocardiography. Moreover, we crossed Tbx1+/- mice and harvested fetuses. We examined the cardiovascular phenotype of 8 wild type (WT), 37 heterozygous (Tbx1+/-) and 6 null fetuses (Tbx1-/-). Finally, we crossed Tbx1Cre/+mice with R26RmT-mG Cre reporter mice to study Tbx1 expression in the pulmonary arteries.
resultsThe echocardiographic study showed that the mean of the LPA/RPA ratio in 22q11.2DS was smaller (0.80 ± 0.12) than in controls (0.97 ± 0.08; p < 0.0001). Mouse studies resulted in similar data as the size of LPA and RPA was not significantly different in WT embryos, but in Tbx1+/- and Tbx1-/- embryos the LPA was significantly smaller than the RPA in both mutants (P = 0.0016 and 0.0043, respectively). We found that Tbx1 is expressed near the origin of the PAs and in their adventitia.
conclusionsChildren with 22q11.2DS without cardiac defects show smaller LPA compared with healthy subjects. Mouse studies suggest that this anomaly is due to haploinsufficiency of Tbx1. These data may be useful in the clinical management of children with 22q11.2DS and should guide further experimental studies as to the mechanisms underlying PAs development.
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