ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
Epithelial cell-derived cytokines: more than just signaling the alarm.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 277 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed.
- Translational Investigation of CM326 from Preclinical Studies to Randomized Phase I Clinical Trials in Healthy Adults.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Trial
- Climate Change-Mediated Temperature Extremes: Effects on the Immune System and Associations with Immune-Related Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Type-2-Inflammatory-Diseases Share Comorbidities, Molecular Signatures, IL4/IL13 Genetics, and Response to IL4/IL13 Blockade.Allergy · 2026Article
- SHARPIN restrains IL-33 release by stromal cells to control ILC2 inflammation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Rewiring Atopic Dermatitis: Alarmin Cytokines at the Core of Barrier-Immune-Neuro-Microbiome Networks.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Natural Products Targeting Airway Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Respiratory Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Homeostatic Regulation of Lung Dendritic Cells at Steady State.Immune network · 2026Review
- The Use of Biological Therapies in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Current State of Knowledge.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The OX40-OX40L Co-Stimulatory Pathway as a Shared Driver of Immune Persistence in Skin and Airway Inflammation.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- TDP-43 promotes allergen-induced inflammation and influenza A virus replication in airway epithelium.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Breaking the bottleneck of asthma treatment: the future of omni-targeted therapy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Keratinocytes: A key player in skin immunity and their emerging roles in secondary lymphedema.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Review
- Systemic atopy and upper-airway disease define susceptibility to incident asthma after COVID-19 in Korea.Nature communications · 2026Article
- IgE Production Beyond Classical T-Cell Help.Immune network · 2026Review
- Allergic Sensitization to Inhalant Allergens in the Upper Respiratory Tract-the B Cell Side.Allergy · 2026Review
- Review
- Critical role of keratinocytes and protease-activated receptor 2 in secondary lymphedema development.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Bacterial-Derived Immunomodulators as a Preventive Strategy for Viral Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Wheezing or Asthma in Children: A Targeted Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genetic Variants of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of the IL-33/sST2 Axis and Vitamin D Status in the Assessment of Disease Severity and Exacerbation Risk in Asthma: A Prospective Controlled Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25 are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses. Often characterized as "alarmins" that are released by the barrier epithelium in response to external insults, these epithelial cell-derived cytokines were initially thought to act only early in allergic inflammation. Indeed, TSLP can condition dendritic cells to initiate type 2 responses, and IL-33 may influence susceptibility to asthma through its role in establishing the immune environment in the perinatal lungs. However, TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 all regulate a broad spectrum of innate immune cell populations and are particularly potent in eliciting and activating type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that may act throughout allergic inflammation. Recent data suggest that a TSLP/ILC axis may mediate steroid resistance in asthma. Recent identification of memory Th2 cell subsets that are characterized by high receptor expression for TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 further supports a role for these cytokines in allergic exacerbations. There is therefore growing interest in developing biologics that target TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. This Review provides an overview of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 and the development of blocking antibodies that target these epithelial cell-derived cytokines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.