ArticleChemical research in toxicology2019
Comparison of Free Radical Levels in the Aerosol from Conventional Cigarettes, Electronic Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electronic nicotine delivery system design and aerosol toxicants: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Review
- Heated tobacco product aerosol emission compared to cigarette smoke: A scoping review.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Effects Induced by Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Aerosol Inhalation in a Murine Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking intensity and device cleaning on IQOS emissions: comparison with an array of cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Quantification of Free Radicals from Vaping Electronic Cigarettes Containing Nicotine Salt Solutions with Different Organic Acid Types and Concentrations.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Cigarette Smoke-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Formation: A Concise Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of Smoking on Inflammatory-Related Cytokine Levels in Human Serum.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Simplifying quantitative measurement of free radical species using an X-band EPR spectrometer.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2022Article
- Effect of Heating on Physicochemical Property of Aerosols during Vaping.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Oral Cavity Cells and Tissues: A Narrative Review.Toxics · 2022Review
- Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Predict the Cardiotoxicity Potential of Next Generation Nicotine Products.Frontiers in toxicology · 2022Article
- Early Chemistry of Nicotine Degradation in Heat-Not-Burn Smoking Devices and Conventional Cigarettes: Implications for Users and Second- and Third-Hand Smokers.The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2021Article
- Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Aerosol From the Candidate Modified-Risk Tobacco Product THS 2.2 in an 18-Month Systems Toxicology Study With A/J Mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
- Reduced Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity in A/J Mice in Response to Life-Time Exposure to Aerosol From a Heated Tobacco Product Compared With Cigarette Smoke.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
- Free Radical Production and Characterization of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarettes in Comparison to Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence: a systematic review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Neurotoxicity of e-cigarettes.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aerosols from electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products have been found to contain lower levels of almost all compounds from the list of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents known to be present in tobacco products and tobacco smoke than smoke from conventional cigarettes. Free radicals, which also pose potential health risks, are not considered in this list, and their levels in the different product types have not yet been compared under standardized conditions. We compared the type and quantity of free radicals in mainstream aerosol of 3R4F research cigarettes, two types of electronic cigarettes, and a heat-not-burn tobacco product. Free radicals and NO in the gas phases were separately spin trapped and quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy by using a smoking machine for aerosol generation and a flow-through cell to enhance reproducibility of the quantification. Particulate matter was separated by a Cambridge filter and extracted, and persistent radicals were quantified by EPR spectroscopy. Levels of organic radicals for electronic cigarettes and the heat-not-burn product, as measured with the PBN spin trap, did not exceed 1% of the level observed for conventional cigarettes and were close to the radical level observed in air blanks. The radicals found in the smoke of conventional cigarettes were oxygen centered, most probably alkoxy radicals, whereas a signal for carbon-centered radicals near the detection limit was observed in aerosol from the heat-not-burn product and electronic cigarettes. The NO level in aerosol produced by electronic cigarettes was below our detection limit, whereas for the heat-not-burn product, it reached about 7% of the level observed for whole smoke from 3R4F cigarettes. Persistent radicals in particulate matter could be quantified only for 3R4F cigarettes. Aerosols from vaping and heat-not-burn tobacco products have much lower free radical levels than cigarette smoke, however, the toxicological implications of this finding are as yet unknown.
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Registered trials
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