Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2019
CSF Cytokines in Aging, Multiple Sclerosis, and Dementia.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Cognitive and immunological effects of yoga compared to memory training in older women at risk for alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Neuroinflammation-associated thalamocortical functional connectivity and cognition in older adults.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Periventricular gradient of normal-appearing white matter in normal aging and multiple neurological diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Emerging biomarkers for Parkinson's disease in biological fluids.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cellular senescence in brain aging and neurodegeneration: from molecular mechanisms to translational opportunities.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CSF estrogens' relationships to neuroinflammatory markers and brain networks in middle-aged and older black and white women.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Article
- Regional Molecular Changes in Chronic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Causal Effects of the Plasma Proteome on Vascular Dementia Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study with Experimental Validation.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Association between the American heart association's life's essential 8 score and cognitive function: a cross-sectional NHANES study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Extracellular ATP regulates phagocytic activity, mitochondrial respiration, and cytokine secretion of human astrocytic cells.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Deciphering Autoimmune Diseases: Unveiling the Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Potential of Immune Repertoire Sequencing.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Article
- The Brain Toxin Cleansing of Sleep Achieved During Wakefulness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Unraveling the ROS-Inflammation-Immune Balance: A New Perspective on Aging and Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Bridging the gap: Exploring the intercurrent relationship between knee osteoarthritis and cerebral small vessel disease.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- Experimental peri-implantitis induces neuroinflammation: An exploratory study in rats.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Immunosenescence in Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation is a common process involved in aging, multiple sclerosis (MS), and age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is limited evidence for the effects of aging on inflammation in the central nervous system. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 105 healthy control subjects representing a wide age range (23-86), and analyzed levels of cytokines associated innate immunity (TNF-α) and different T-helper subtypes: interferon-gamma induced protein 10 (IP-10) for Th1, interleukin-10 (IL-10) for Th2, and interleukin 8 (IL-8/CXCL8) for Th17. We show that CSF levels of TNF-α, IP-10, and IL-8 all increased linearly with age, but levels of IL-10 demonstrated a U-shaped relationship with age. We further found greater age-related increases in TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8 relative to increases in IP-10 levels, consistent with a shift from Th1 to other inflammatory phenotypes. Finally, when we analyzed the same four cytokines in people with neurological disorders, we found that MS and AD, but not PD or dementia with Lewy bodies, further accentuated the age-related shift from Th1- to non-Th1-related cytokines. We propose that CSF cytokine levels represent powerful surrogates of brain inflammation and aging, and some, but not all, neurological disorders accelerate the shift away from Th1 phenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.