ArticleCell host & microbe2019
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Confine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ocular Biofilms and Restrict Brain Invasion.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Viral Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Nuclear mechanobiology rules immune cells' functions: from differentiation to cell trafficking and pathogen killing.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in liver diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- ImagingmBio · 2026Article
- RAD51 stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps to compartmentalize inflammation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Biofilm Associated Persistence and Drug Tolerance in Mycobacteria Within Host Microenvironments.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Review
- Altered neutrophil signalling linked to impaired chemotaxis and increased ROS and NET production in older people with frailty.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the noncanonical extracellular DNA structures in biofilm and NETosis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Review
- UnderstandingMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Targeting neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- N-acetylcysteine inhibits NETs, exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm properties and enhances neutrophil function against Burkholderia pseudomallei.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Target neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity in cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- A biofilm-tropiceLife · 2025Article
- Stem cell-derived exosomes in complicated urinary tract infections: immunomodulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for urothelial repair.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Exploring the Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Gecko-Derived Cathelicidin Gj-CATH5.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Spatiotemporal Regulatory Networks: Dual Roles in Tumor Growth Regulation and Metastasis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm infections are difficult to eradicate because of antibiotic insusceptibility and high recurrence rates. Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of bacterial keratitis, is facilitated by the bacterial Psl exopolysaccharide and associated with heightened virulence. Using intravital microscopy, we observed that neutrophilic recruitment to corneal infections limits P. aeruginosa biofilms to the outer eye surface, preventing bacterial dissemination. Neutrophils moved to the base of forming biofilms, where they underwent neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) in response to high expression of the bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS). NETs formed a barrier "dead zone," confining bacteria to the external corneal environment and inhibiting bacterial dissemination into the brain. Once formed, ocular biofilms were resistant to antibiotics and neutrophil killing, advancing eye pathology. However, blocking both Psl and T3SS together with antibiotic treatment broke down the biofilm and reversed keratitis, suggesting future therapeutic strategies for this intractable infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.