ArticleInternational journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology2019
Sociodemographic, health behavioral, and clinical risk factors for anotia/microtia in a population-based case-control study.
Article in International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of congenital external ear anomalies and their associated factors.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Microtia, Hearing Disability, and Health Inequity: Socioeconomic Disparities in Rehabilitation and Specialized Care in Ecuador.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Maternal and gestational factors associated with congenital anomalies among live births: a nationwide population-based study in Brazil from 2012 to 2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Risk Factors in the Formation of Congenital Malformations of the Ear: Microtia and Atresia of the External Auditory Canal.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Experiences of Spanish-Speaking Parents of Children With Craniofacial Microsomia.The Journal of craniofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and risk of birth defects in offspring: Population-based cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- [Analysis of risk factors for congenital auriclar deformity and its different types].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2024Article
- Prevalence of congenital anomalies according to maternal race and ethnicity, Texas, 1999-2018.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- The Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System: a 40-year review with prevalence and trends for selected congenital anomalies, 1997-2019.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
- Factors associated with nonsyndromic anotia and microtia, Texas, 1999-2014.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- The genes for sensory perception of sound should be considered in gene diagnosis of congenital sensorineural hearing loss and microtia.Journal of applied genetics · 2022Article
- Predicting the Risk of Microtia From Prenatal Factors: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Ten-year trends in the incidence of microtia: a nationwide population-based study from Taiwan.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2021Article
- Major birth defects in the Brazilian side of the triple border: a population-based cross-sectional study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAnotia and microtia are congenital malformations of the external ear with few known risk factors. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of a wide range of potential risk factors using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a population-based case-control study of non-chromosomal structural birth defects in the United States.
methodsMothers of 699 infants with anotia or microtia (cases) and 11,797 non-malformed infants (controls) delivered between 1997 and 2011 were interviewed to obtain information about sociodemographic, health behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression.
resultsInfants with anotia/microtia were more likely to be male (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10-1.50) and from a multifetal pregnancy (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.42). Cases were also more likely to have parents of Hispanic ethnicity (maternal aOR, 3.19; 95% CI, 2.61-3.91; paternal aOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.54-2.88), and parents born outside the United States (maternal aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06-1.57; paternal aOR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.53-2.41). Maternal health conditions associated with increased odds of anotia/microtia included obesity (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06-1.61) and pre-pregnancy diabetes (type I aOR, 9.89; 95% CI, 5.46-17.92; type II aOR, 4.70; 95% CI, 2.56-8.63). Reduced odds were observed for black mothers (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38-0.85) and mothers reporting daily intake of folic acid-containing supplements (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46-0.76).
conclusionWe identified several risk factors for anotia/microtia, some which have been previously reported (e.g., diabetes) and others which we investigate for perhaps the first time (e.g., binge drinking) that warrant further investigation. Our findings point to some potentially modifiable risk factors and provide further leads toward understanding the etiology of anotia/microtia.
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