ArticleBirth defects research2019
Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia.
Article in Birth defects research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors in the Formation of Congenital Malformations of the Ear: Microtia and Atresia of the External Auditory Canal.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- Ocular Manifestations and Pathological Features in Goldenhar Syndrome: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Assessment of the Associations Between Season of Conception and Birth Defects, Texas, 1999-2015.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCraniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition that typically involves hypoplasia of the ear and jaw. It is often associated with adverse effects such as hearing loss and sleep-disordered breathing. There is little research on its etiology.
methodsWe conducted a case-control study from maternal interview data collected from mothers of infants with and without CFM. The study included 108 children with and 84 children without CFM. Logistic regression with adjustment for demographic factors was used to evaluate associations between maternal exposures of interest and risk for CFM overall, as well as for different phenotypic sub-groups of children on the CFM spectrum.
resultsWe found a statistically significant association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and CFM (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.6-10.5). The association was slightly attenuated after adjustment for BMI. Higher parity was also associated with increased risk for CFM (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.0). Vitamin A consumption and/or liver consumption was associated with a 70% lower risk compared with non-users (OR 0.3, 95% 0.1-0.8). Maternal age at the time of pregnancy was not associated with CFM.
conclusionsThese analyses contribute evidence linking maternal DM with an elevated risk of having an infant with CFM, which is consistent with previous research and adds to the body of knowledge about the strength of this association. Further study is warranted to understand the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of DM in the developing embryo.
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