ReviewJournal of nephrology2019
Prevention of complications from use of conventional immunosuppressants: a critical review.
Review in Journal of nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment approaches for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC rheumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Ototoxicity of Immunosuppressant Drugs: A Systematic Review.The journal of international advanced otology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive treatment in IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC nephrology · 2019Pooled it
- Safety profiles of calcineurin inhibitor-related infections in the pediatric population: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular immunopharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine-derived compounds in membranous nephropathy: mechanistic insights into immune aging and kidney essence deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T manufacturing reduces heterogeneity between CIDP and multiple myeloma patient-derived T cells.Theranostics · 2026Article
- The Impact of Stress on the Functioning and Survival of Transplanted Kidneys-Biological Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Intensive Value Utilization of Food-Derived Marine Immunoactive Peptides: Optimizing the Process Yield and Improving the Delivery Efficiency According to the Immune Activity Mechanism and Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Risk of hematologic malignancies in psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis patients using long term TNF-α inhibitors: a retrospective nationwide study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Pharmacological Mechanism of Chinese Medicine in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Narrative Review.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2025Review
- Pulse wave parameters as a predictor of the development of post-transplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Allogeneic whole-eye transplantation: advancements, challenges, and future directions in vision restoration.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Autoimmune Diseases.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The First Reciprocal Activities of Chiral Peptide Pharmaceuticals: Thymogen and Thymodepressin, as Examples.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Frequency of skin diseases in renal transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary center: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2024Observational
- Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Enhancement of Immune Functions byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- An overview on the protective effects of ellagic acid against heavy metals, drugs, and chemicals.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Synthetic immunosuppressive drugs are largely used in immune-related renal diseases and in kidney transplantation. Most of these drugs have a low therapeutic index (the ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective), which means that the drug should be dosed carefully and the patient monitored frequently. In this review, we consider the categories of synthetic immunosuppressive agents more frequently and conventionally used in clinical nephrology: glucocorticoids, Aalkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil), purine synthesis inhibitors (azathioprine, mycophenolate salts) and calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus). For each category the possible side effects will be reviewed, the general and specific measures to prevent or treat the adverse events will be suggested, and the more common mistakes that may increase the risk of toxicity will be described. However, the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive agents depend not only on the pharmacologic characteristics of single drugs but can be influenced also by the clinical condition and genetic characteristics of the patient, by the typology and severity of the underlying disease and by the interaction with other concomitantly used drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.