Observational studySurgical endoscopy2019
Impact of infected stent removal on recurrent cholangitis with time-to-event analysis.
Observational study in Surgical endoscopy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-tubeWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Feasibility of a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent with a Central Waist and a Long Removal String for Management of Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Prospective Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-Hole Self-Expandable Metallic Stent for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Bacterial Biofilms-A Threat to Biliary Stents, Understanding Their Formation, Clinical Consequences and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Anatomical biliary reconstruction as an ultimum refugium for selective cases-History and current state of knowledge.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2024Review
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Microbiologic diagnosis of implant-associated infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Prevention of device-related infections in patients with cancer: Current practice and future horizons.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians · 2023Review
- Implications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Acute Cholangitis: A Systematic Review of Current Literature.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe optimal approach at treating infected biliary stents at the time of cholangitis remains unknown. This study aims to compare the efficacy of stent exchange versus stent sweeping/stent-in-stent approaches at treating cholangitis.
methodsThe study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients with biliary stents and cholangitis were included. Outcomes were rate of recurrent cholangitis and time to recurrent cholangitis in those whose stents were left in place (stent sweeping and stent-in-stent) compared to those whose stents were removed (stent exchange). Primary analysis included patients with metal biliary stents only. Secondary analysis included those with metal and plastic biliary stents.
resultsA total of 182 patients (age 64 ± 12;89 F) with a metal biliary stent(s) at index cholangitis were included. Of these, 40 (22%) had stents removed, i.e., stent exchange. The remaining 142 (78%) did not have stent removal (97 with stent-in-stent and 45 with stent sweeping). Recurrent cholangitis occurred in 22.5% and 42.3% in the stent removal and non-removal groups, respectively (p = 0.02). Stent removal remained a negative predictor of recurrent cholangitis after controlling for age, sex, history of diabetes, and chemotherapy (OR 0.39, p = 0.03). Median time from index cholangitis to recurrent cholangitis was shorter for patients whose stents were not removed compared to those whose stents were removed (182 vs 450 days, p = 0.011). On Cox regression model, stent removal remained a negative predictor of recurrent cholangitis after controlling for age, sex, history of diabetes, and chemotherapy (HR 0.41, p = 0.01). The findings persisted in the secondary analysis including both metal and plastic biliary stents (303 patients).
conclusionBiliary stent removal with stent exchange at the time of cholangitis appears to be more effective at preventing recurrent cholangitis than leaving an infected stent in the biliary system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.