ArticlePloS one2019
Availability and inequality in accessibility of health centre-based primary healthcare in Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is context considered in health inequity research and why? An examination of current trends in Ethiopia.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled estimates of stillbirth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2013-2024.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Patient delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Immunization coverage in Ethiopia among 12-23 month old children: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- A phenomenological study on the lived experiences of families of ICU patients, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Spatial distribution and determinants of the knowledge of reproductive age women about prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Impacts of Armed Conflicts on Healthcare and Nutrition Services in Ethiopia: A Narrative Review.Public health challenges · 2025Review
- Index-Linked Assisted HIV Self-Testing for Children 2-14 Years: Results of a Pilot Evaluation in Ethiopia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Health Service Utilization by Women Members and Non-Members of Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia, 2024: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Health services insights · 2025Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Diabetic Keto-acidosis Among Children Under 15 Years At Central Ethiopia Public Hospital A Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Strengthening primary health care in Ethiopia: A scoping review of successes, challenges, and pathways towards universal health coverage using the WHO monitoring framework.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Educational inequalities and decomposition of the urban-rural disparities in maternal health care utilization in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian demography and health survey.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Primary Health Care Systems and Their Contribution to Universal Health Coverage and Improved Health Status in Seven Countries: An Explanatory Mixed-Methods Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Determinants of preterm delivery among mothers who gave birth in hospitals of Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia, 2023: unmatched case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Effect of Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme on Health-Related Outcomes in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- High prevalence of zero-dose children in underserved and special setting populations in Ethiopia using a generalize estimating equation and concentration index analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Impact of a Medication Therapy Management Service on the Outcomes of Hypertension Treatment Follow-Up Care in an Ethiopian Tertiary Hospital: A Pre-Post Interventional Study.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2024Article
- Urban-rural disparities and change in postnatal care use from 2016 to 2019 in Ethiopia: Multivariate decomposition analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mapping the spatial distribution of harmful umbilical cord stump care among neonates in Ethiopia: A spatial with multilevel analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
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4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundAchieving fair access to healthcare and improving population health are crucial in all settings. Properly staffed and fairly distributed primary health care (PHC) facilities are prerequisites to ensure accessible healthcare services. Nevertheless, availability and accessibility issues are common public health concerns, especially in under-resourced countries including Ethiopia. Measuring inequalities in accessibility of healthcare resources guide policy decisions to improve PHC services and ultimately achieving universal health coverage (UHC). PURPOSE: To assess availability and measure magnitude and trend of inequalities in accessibility of health centre-based PHC resources in Ethiopia during 2015 to 2017.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional population-based analysis of district-level data collected from 16th December 2017 until 24th May 2018. Afar, Dire-Dawa, and Tigray regions were purposefully included in the study to represent the four pastoralist/semi-pastoralist, three urban and four agrarian regions in Ethiopia, respectively. We used ratios, different inequality indices and Gini decomposition techniques to characterise the inequalities.
resultsIn 2017, median of health centres (HCs) per 15,000 inhabitants and their Gini indices (GIs) for Afar, Dire-Dawa, and Tigray were 0.781, 0.566, 0.591 vs. 0.237, 0.280, 0.216 respectively. Median overall skilled health workers (SHWs) per 10,000 inhabitants were 5.250, 7.539, and 6.246, respectively. These accounted for 11.80%, 16.94% and 14.04% of the WHO target of 44.5 to achieve SDGs. The corresponding GIs for the regions were 0.347, 0.186 and 0.175. Despite a higher overall SHWs inequality in the urban districts of Tigray (GI = 0.301), only Tigray showed significant inequality reductions in GHE (p < 0.001) and in all categories of SHWs (p < 0.05).
conclusionsOur analysis provided a clear picture of availability and inequalities in PHC resources across three regions in Ethiopia. Identifying contributing factors to low densities and high inequalities of SHWs may help improve PHC services nationwide, along with pathway towards UHC.
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