ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2019
The Impact of State Firearm Laws on Homicide and Suicide Deaths in the USA, 1991-2016: a Panel Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Laws Expanding Civilian Rights to Use Deadly Force in Self-Defense on Violence and Crime: A Systematic Review.American journal of public health · 2021Pooled it
- Extreme Risk Protection Order Policies and Suicide Risk Among Handgun Owners.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- State Gun Laws and County-Level Firearm-Related Suicide Rates.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Medicaid Expansion and Firearm Suicide Mortality Among Black and White Men: A State-Level Retrospective Study, United States, 2000-2023.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- State gun policies affect veteran and civilian suicide rates differently.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2026Article
- Firearm Safety in a Country of Arms.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- State Gun Laws and Firearm Suicide Rates.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- A synthetic control study of the effects of comprehensive background check policies on non-fatal firearm crime in five states.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- Frequency and Predictors of Adolescent Worry for School Gun Violence in the United States: Findings From a Nationally Representative Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- Examining the Impact of Permitless Firearm Legislation and COVID-19 on Crime and Arrests in Three Urban Cities.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- State Gun Laws and Firearm-Related Homicides and Suicides, 2017-2022.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The effect of stand-your-ground laws on student achievement.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Universal Background Checks, Permit Requirements, and Firearm Homicide Rates.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- State-Level Firearm Laws and Firearm Homicide in US Cities: Heterogenous Associations by City Characteristics.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Association of state-level factors with rate of firearm-related deaths.Surgery open science · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: Concealed Carrying of Firearms, Public Policy, and Opportunities for Mitigating Harm.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Association of State-Level Firearm-Related Deaths With Firearm Laws in Neighboring States.JAMA network open · 2022Observational
- The effectiveness of value-based messages to engage gun owners on firearm policies: a three-stage nested study.Injury epidemiology · 2022Article
- Survey of Washington clinicians' willingness to use and preferences related to extreme risk protection orders.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFirearm injuries are a major cause of mortality in the USA. Few recent studies have simultaneously examined the impact of multiple state gun laws to determine their independent association with homicide and suicide rates.
objectiveTo examine the relationship between state firearm laws and overall homicide and suicide rates at the state level across all 50 states over a 26-year period.
designUsing a panel design, we analyzed the relationship between 10 state firearm laws and total, age-adjusted homicide and suicide rates from 1991 to 2016 in a difference-in-differences, fixed effects, multivariable regression model. There were 1222 observations for homicide analyses and 1300 observations for suicide analyses.
participantsPopulations of all US states. MAIN MEASURES: The outcome measures were the annual age-adjusted rates of homicide and suicide in each state during the period 1991-2016. We controlled for a wide range of state-level factors. KEY
resultsUniversal background checks were associated with a 14.9% (95% CI, 5.2-23.6%) reduction in overall homicide rates, violent misdemeanor laws were associated with a 18.1% (95% CI, 8.1-27.1%) reduction in homicide, and "shall issue" laws were associated with a 9.0% (95% CI, 1.1-17.4%) increase in homicide. These laws were significantly associated only with firearm-related homicide rates, not non-firearm-related homicide rates. None of the other laws examined were consistently related to overall homicide or suicide rates.
conclusionsWe found a relationship between the enactment of two types of state firearm laws and reductions in homicide over time. However, further research is necessary to determine whether these associations are causal ones.
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