ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Digital logic for soft devices.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed.
- Scalable design of fluidic DEMUX/MUX.Science advances · 2026Article
- Viscoelastic nanomechanical devices for neuromorphic information processing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Harvesting environmental circadian oscillations for energy autonomy of soft robots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A bio-inspired customizable mechanical central pattern generator enables one-to-many scalable pneumatic control.Communications engineering · 2026Article
- Reprogrammable metamaterial robot with embodied versatile computation and mechanical intelligence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Light-programmable mechanical computing via polyaniline composite film.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rotary Electromechanical System Integrating Non-Reciprocal Memory and Combinational Logic.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Microfluidic Digital Shutter of Liquid-Liquid Interface for Fabrication of Multifaceted Hydrogel Microfiber Structure.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Design and Sensing Frameworks of Soft Octopus-Inspired Grippers Toward Artificial Intelligence.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A kinematically Bifurcated Metamaterial for Integrated Logic Operation and Computing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Optimization and control of actuator networks in variable geometry truss systems using genetic algorithms.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Soft reconfigurable logic gates with high-frequency electrical switching.Science advances · 2025Article
- Embodying Control in Soft Multistable Robots from Morphofunctional Co-design.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Understanding silicone elastomer curing and adhesion for stronger soft devices.Science advances · 2025Article
- Light-Controlled Soft Switches for Optical Logic Gate Operations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bistable Soft Shells for Programmable Mechanical Logic.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Soft multifunctional bistable fabric mechanism for electronics-free autonomous robots.Science advances · 2025Article
- Pneumatic coding blocks enable programmability of electronics-free fluidic soft robots.Science advances · 2024Article
- Light-Powered Self-Translation of an Asymmetric Friction Slider Using a Liquid Crystal Elastomer String Oscillator.Polymers · 2024Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part of the broad field of robotics, autonomy for completely soft devices has only begun to be developed. Adaptation of conventional systems of control to soft devices requires hard valves and electronic controls. This paper describes completely soft pneumatic digital logic gates having a physical scale appropriate for use with current (macroscopic) soft actuators. Each digital logic gate utilizes a single bistable valve-the pneumatic equivalent of a Schmitt trigger-which relies on the snap-through instability of a hemispherical membrane to kink internal tubes and operates with binary high/low input and output pressures. Soft, pneumatic NOT, AND, and OR digital logic gates-which generate known pneumatic outputs as a function of one, or multiple, pneumatic inputs-allow fabrication of digital logic circuits for a set-reset latch, two-bit shift register, leading-edge detector, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and toggle switch. The DAC and toggle switch, in turn, can control and power a soft actuator (demonstrated using a pneu-net gripper). These macroscale soft digital logic gates are scalable to high volumes of airflow, do not consume power at steady state, and can be reconfigured to achieve multiple functionalities from a single design (including configurations that receive inputs from the environment and from human users). This work represents a step toward a strategy to develop autonomous control-one not involving an electronic interface or hard components-for soft devices.
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