ReviewAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology2019
Galactose α-1,3-galactose phenotypes: Lessons from various patient populations.
Review in Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Differential alpha-gal expression duringThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Article
- Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Furry Animal Allergy: Lipocalins, Serum Albumins, and Secretoglobins-Cross-Reactivity, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Epidemiology and the Growing Epidemic of Food Allergy in Children and Adults Across the Globe.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal-isolated Distress is Common in Alpha-gal Allergic Patients on Mammalian Meat Challenge.Journal of clinical gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Review
- The α-Gal epitope - the cause of a global allergic disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Diagnostic validity of specific immunoglobulin E levels to alpha-gal in alpha-gal syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2023Article
- Tick bite-induced Alpha-Gal Syndrome and Immunologic Responses in an Alpha-Gal Deficient Murine Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Alpha-gal syndrome-Food or drug allergy: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- Delayed anaphylaxis due to Alpha-gal allergy: A modified desensitization protocol with red meat in an adult patient.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical Use of the ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test in the Diagnosis of Meat Allergy Caused by a Tick Bite in an Adult Male with No Previous Atopic History.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical and laboratory features of patients diagnosed with alpha-gal syndrome-2010-2019.Allergy · 2023Article
- High-risk groups for alpha-gal sensitization.Allergologie select · 2023Article
- A retrospective review of α-gal syndrome complicating the management of suspected pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in one gastroenterology clinic in central Virginia.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Where's the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review published studies on galactose α-1,3-galactose (α-gal), a carbohydrate epitope found on proteins and lipids in nonprimate mammals and present in foods (particularly organ or fat-rich red meat) and medications, where it causes delayed-onset and immediate-onset anaphylaxis. DATA SOURCES: A literature search for the terms galactose α-1,3-galactose and α-gal using PubMed and Embase was performed. STUDY SELECTIONS: Studies on α-gal were included in this review.
resultsSeveral species of ticks contain α-gal epitopes and possibly salivary adjuvants that promote high titer sensitization and clinical reactivity. Risk factors for α-gal syndrome include exposure to ticks of particular species. Age and sex differences seen in various cohorts possibly reflect the prevalence of these exposures that vary according to setting.
conclusionThe reason and mechanisms for delayed onset of food-related anaphylaxis and the preponderance of abdominal reactions are not clear but may involve the kinetics of allergen digestion and processing or immunologic presentation via a different mechanism from usual immediate-type food allergy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.