ArticlePatient education and counseling2019
Assessing helpful and harmful family and friend involvement in adults' type 2 diabetes self-management.
Article in Patient education and counseling, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06080425 (Addressing Intergenerational Obesity and Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Among Individuals [PIHRK'D] Living With Diabetes in Rural Kentucky), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Addressing Intergenerational Obesity and Promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Among Individuals [PIHRK'D] Living With Diabetes in Rural Kentucky
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Therapeutic and Preventive Role of Integrated Moderate-to-Vigorous Recreational Activity Programs in Type 2 Diabetes Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Factors Influencing Medication Adherence Among Adults Living with Diabetes and Comorbidities: a Qualitative Systematic Review.Current diabetes reports · 2024Pooled it
- Diabetes Mellitus Family Assessment Instruments: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of telehealth-delivered family and standard models of diabetes self-management education and support for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Diabetes-specific family functioning typology associated with intervention engagement and effects: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Trial
- The Goldilocks Dilemma on Balancing User Response and Reflection in mHealth Interventions: Observational Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of Family-oriented Education on Self-care behaviors of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2024Trial
- Glycemic outcomes of a family-focused intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Trial
- Well-being outcomes of a family-focused intervention for persons with type 2 diabetes and support persons: Main, mediated, and subgroup effects from the FAMS 2.0 RCT.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness-implementation trial comparing a family model of diabetes self-management education and support with a standard model.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Trial
- Changes in family involvement occasioned by FAMS mobile health intervention mediate changes in glycemic control over 12 months.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- Mixed-Methods Randomized Evaluation of FAMS: A Mobile Phone-Delivered Intervention to Improve Family/Friend Involvement in Adults' Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2021Trial
- Communal coping with type 2 diabetes: A 5-year measurement burst study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- The Burden of Stigma in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Rural Primary Care Sample in Türkiye.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2026Article
- Family member involvement when multiple family members have type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Article
- A qualitative analysis of family experiences across diabetes-specific family functioning types during a family-focused intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Promoting Intergenerational Health in Rural Kentuckians With Diabetes (PIHRK'D): Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Association of Social Support and Self-Care Beverage Consumption in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes From the Southwest of Mexico.Nursing research and practice · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing Adherence to Refills and Medications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Questionnaire-Based Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Diabetes Care Disparities in Deaf/Hard of Hearing and Blind/Low Vision Populations.Current diabetes reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDevelop and evaluate a measure assessing helpful and harmful family/friends' involvement in adults' type 2 diabetes (T2D) self-management.
methodsPrior mixed-methods research, cognitive interviews, and expert input informed measure development. We administered the measure in two studies (N = 392 and N = 512) to evaluate its factor structure, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct, criterion and predictive validity.
resultsAnalyses supported a two-factor solution: helpful and harmful involvement with internal consistency reliability α = .86 and .72, respectively. Three-month test-retest reliability was rho = 0.64 for helpful and rho = 0.61 for harmful (both p < 0.001). Over 90% reported at least one instance of family/friend involvement in the past month. Associations with other measures of diabetes involvement were as anticipated (all p < .01). Helpful and harmful involvement were independently associated with diabetes self-efficacy, diet, blood glucose testing and medication adherence cross-sectionally [βs 0.13-0.39 helpful, -0.12--0.33 harmful; all p < .05]. Harmful involvement independently predicted worse HbA1c (β = 0.08), and worsening HbA1c over three months (β = 0.12, both p < 0.05).
conclusionThe Family and Friend Involvement in Adults' Diabetes (FIAD) is a reliable and valid measure assessing family/friend involvement in adults' T2D. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: FIAD use can inform interventions to improve social contexts in which adults manage diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.