ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Opioid agonist treatment and the process of injection drug use initiation.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Medication transitions and predictors of illicit substance use during opioid agonist treatment: a three-year follow-up study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Observational
- The Effect of Opioid Agonist Treatment on Injection-Related Sequelae: A Population-Based Observational Study.Drug safety · 2025Observational
- Methamphetamine use and associated factors among people who inject drugs in Iran 2020.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Article
- An individual-based dynamic model to assess interventions to mitigate opioid overdose risk.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Prevalence and incidence of emergency department presentations and hospital separations with injecting-related infections in a longitudinal cohort of people who inject drugs.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Context and correlates of providing assistance with someone's first injection in the AIDS linked to the IntraVenous Experience cohort, Baltimore, MD.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Latent polydrug use patterns and the provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs in three North American settings.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- First-line opioid agonist treatment as prevention against assisting others in initiating injection drug use: A longitudinal cohort study of people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Interest in using buprenorphine-naloxone among a prospective cohort of street-involved young people in Vancouver, Canada.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment Discontinuation Among Young People who use Opioids in Vancouver, Canada.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Addressing injecting related risks among people who inject both opioids and stimulants: Findings from an Australian survey of people who inject drugs.Addictive behaviors reports · 2022Article
- The influence of poly-drug use patterns on the association between opioid agonist treatment engagement and injecting initiation assistance.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Gender and the first-time provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs across two distinct North American contexts: Tijuana, Mexico and Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Investigating a bidirectional relationship between overdose and provision of injection initiation assistance among persons who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada and Tijuana, Mexico.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Self-perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective biomedical intervention to manage opioid use disorder among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Preliminary evidence suggests that OAT may also disrupt the social communicability of injection drug use (IDU) practices by established PWID. We therefore aim to investigate the association between OAT enrollment and initiating others into IDU among PWID in Vancouver, Canada.
methodsPreventing Injecting by Modifying Existing Responses (PRIMER; NIDA DP2-DA040256-01) is a prospective multi-cohort study seeking to identify structural interventions that reduce the risk that PWID initiate others into IDU. The present analysis was conducted using data from a participating cohort of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, between December 2014 and May 2017. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the association between reporting active (i.e., within the past six months) OAT enrollment and assisting others in injection initiation. A final model was determined using a manual stepwise approach whereby covariates were excluded if their removal altered the coefficient of interest by <5%.
resultsParticipants (n = 1740) were predominantly male (62.3%); 35.1% reported daily injecting (n = 611); 860 (49.4%) reported active OAT enrollment, and 80 (4.6%) reported recently providing injection initiation assistance. In a multivariable model, participants who reported active OAT enrollment had significantly lower odds of recently providing injection initiation assistance (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 0.52, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.31-0.87, P = 0.01).
conclusionResults suggest a protective association between OAT and the expansion of IDU practices among vulnerable populations, suggesting its potential use as 'addiction treatment as prevention.'
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.