ArticleBiology of sex differences2019
Sex and genetic differences in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a longitudinal cohort analysis.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of the Correlation between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Intraoperative Cerebral Oxygen Saturation.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of desflurane versus propofol on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in older adults undergoing major urological surgery: a randomized trial.BMC geriatrics · 2026Trial
- Fat on Fire: Disrupted Microglial Lipid Metabolism as a Driver of Anesthetic Neurotoxicity.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Genetic and epigenetic insights into perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a narrative review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Review
- Article
- Age-dependent Transcriptional and Circuit Alterations in the brain Underlie Post-Anesthesia Neurobehavioral Dysfunction.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- Circulating Biomarkers to Predict Post-Operative Cognitive Decline in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- A longitudinal multimodal MRI study of the visual network in postoperative delirium.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a concept analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Review
- Impaired synaptic plasticity and decreased glutamatergic neuron excitability induced by SIRT1/BDNF downregulation in the hippocampal CA1 region are involved in postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after endovascular treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A pilot study.Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2022Article
- Perioperative platelet count in peripheral blood is associated with the early stage of PND after major orthopedic surgery: a prospective observational study.BMC geriatrics · 2022Observational
- Recent progress on the role of non-coding RNA in postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation as the Underlying Mechanism of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Difference in GFAP Levels in POCD and Non-POCD Patients After on Pump CABG.Vascular health and risk management · 2022Article
- High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Potential Role in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.Cells · 2021Review
- MD2 contributes to the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder via the regulation of α5GABAJournal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Gene-Specific DNA Methylation Linked to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E3 and E4 Mice.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Association between BDNF rs6265 polymorphisms and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in Chinese Han Population.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication experienced by patients aged 65 years and older, and these older adults comprise more than one third of the surgical patients in the USA. Because not everyone with a history of exposure to surgery and anesthesia develops POCD, there are likely major biological risk factors involved. There are important gaps in our knowledge regarding whether genetic makeup, biological sex, or other Alzheimer's disease risk factors predispose older adults to developing POCD. We set out to determine whether biological sex and Apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE4) carrier status increase the risk of developing POCD in older adults.
methodsWe performed a cohort analysis of 1033 participants of prospective longitudinal aging studies. Participants underwent regular cognitive test batteries and we compared the annual rate of change over time in various cognitive measures in the women exposed to surgery and general anesthesia compared to the men exposed to surgery and general anesthesia. Mixed-effects statistical models were used to assess the relationship between biological sex, APOE4 carrier status, surgery and anesthesia exposure, and the rate of change in cognitive test scores.
resultsWhen comparing all men (n = 89) and women (n = 164) who had surgery, there were no significant sex differences in postoperative cognitive outcomes. However, men with an APOE4 allele performed significantly worse on cognitive testing following surgery and anesthesia than women APOE4 carriers, even after adjusting for age, education level, and comorbidities.
conclusionsOlder men with APOE4 allele may be more vulnerable to postoperative cognitive dysfunction than older women with APOE4 allele.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.